How Can We Adjust Spring Stiffness?

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    Spring Stiffness
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To adjust spring stiffness, one can modify the wire diameter (d), spring diameter (D), number of coils (n), or the material's shear modulus (G). Increasing the wire diameter or decreasing the number of coils will enhance stiffness, while increasing the spring diameter or using a material with a lower shear modulus will reduce it. The relationship between these variables is defined by the formula Spring stiffness = Gd^4/(8nD^3). Additionally, G can be calculated using G = E/(2(1 + ν)), where E is Young's Modulus and ν is Poisson's ratio. Understanding these parameters allows for precise control over spring performance.
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how can we increase or decrease the stiffness of a spring
 
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Thicker cross-section?
 
The basic design formula is

Spring stiffness = \frac{Gd^4}{8nD^3}

G = shear modulus of material
d = wire diameter
D = spring diameter
n = number of coils.

G = \frac{E}{2(1 + \nu)}

where E is Young's Modulus, \nu is Poisson's ratio.

You can change any or all of G, D, d or n.
 

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