How Can You Simplify the Arc Length Calculation for the Curve r(t)?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on simplifying the arc length calculation for the curve defined by the vector function r(t) = cos^3(t)j + sin^3(t)k over the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ π/2. The arc length formula in polar coordinates is given as AL = ∫sqrt(r^2 + [dr/dθ]^2). The user encounters difficulties in simplifying the terms within the square root, particularly with the expression for r^2 and its derivative dr/dθ. Key simplifications lead to the expression sqrt(1 + 4cos^3(t)sin^3(t) + 9cos^4(t)sin^4(t) + 9sin^4(t)cos^2(t)), but further clarification on notation and treatment of r as a vector is necessary.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of vector functions and their components
  • Familiarity with arc length calculations in polar coordinates
  • Knowledge of differentiation, specifically with respect to parametric equations
  • Proficiency in simplifying algebraic expressions involving trigonometric functions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of arc length for vector functions in calculus
  • Learn about the properties of polar coordinates and their applications
  • Explore techniques for simplifying complex algebraic expressions
  • Review the concept of parametric differentiation and its implications
USEFUL FOR

Students studying calculus, particularly those focusing on vector functions and arc length calculations, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to polar coordinates and differentiation.

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Homework Statement



The length of the curve r(t) = cos^3(t)j+sin^3(t)k, 0 =< t <= pi/2
is

Homework Equations



AL in polar = ∫sqrt(r^2 + [dr/dθ]^2)

The Attempt at a Solution



I am having trouble simplifying the terms within the square root. What method should I use to deal with the pieces?

r^2 = (cos^3(t))^2 + 2 cost^3(t)sin^3(t) + (sin^3(t))^2

dr/dθ = 3(cos(t)^2)sin(t) + 3(sin(t)^2)cos(t)

[dr/dθ]^2 = 9[cos^4(t)sin^2(t) + 2cos^3(t)sin^3(t) + sin^4(t)cos^2(t))

sqrt(cos^3(t))^2 + 2 cost^3(t)sin^3(t) + (sin^3(t))^2 + 9[cos^4(t)sin^2(t) + 2cos^3(t)sin^3(t) + sin^4(t)cos^2(t))

Simplified a bit:

sqrt(1 + 4cos^3(t)sin^3(t) + 9 cos^4(t)sin^4(t) +9sin^4(t)cos^2(t))

How would I further simplify from this?
 
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There seem to be some inconsistencies in your notation.
From the equation for r(t), I guess j and k are unit vectors, so r(t) is a vector. But your equation for arc length treats r as a scalar. This seems to have led to an error here:
##r^2 = (\cos^3(t))^2 + 2 \cos^3(t)\sin^3(t) + (\sin^3(t))^2##
 
haruspex said:
There seem to be some inconsistencies in your notation.
From the equation for r(t), I guess j and k are unit vectors, so r(t) is a vector. But your equation for arc length treats r as a scalar. This seems to have led to an error here:
##r^2 = (\cos^3(t))^2 + 2 \cos^3(t)\sin^3(t) + (\sin^3(t))^2##

Oh, I see. Thanks.
 

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