How do bicycles use levers to increase efficiency and distance traveled?

  • Context: High School 
  • Thread starter Thread starter Rhine720
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the mechanics of bicycles, specifically how they utilize levers to enhance efficiency and increase the distance traveled. Participants explore concepts related to mechanical advantage, gearing, and the role of wheels as levers in this context.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about how bicycles provide more distance for less effort, linking this to the shape of the wheel and gravity.
  • Another participant questions the initial claim about "more for less," prompting clarification on what is meant by this phrase.
  • A participant explains that the mechanical advantage of gears allows for greater distance traveled with less foot movement, particularly when considering rolling resistance.
  • It is noted that gear wheels and cranks function as levers, with the Velocity Ratio being determined by the radii of the wheels and cranks involved.
  • A participant discusses the relationship between mechanical advantage and efficiency, indicating that while efficiency is typically less than one, bicycles maintain a relatively high efficiency due to well-designed components.
  • Concerns are raised about rolling resistance and its impact on efficiency, particularly in relation to tire pressure.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants present various viewpoints on how bicycles achieve efficiency through mechanical advantage and leverage, but there is no consensus on the specifics of these mechanisms or the implications of rolling resistance.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the definitions of mechanical advantage and efficiency are not fully explored, and the discussion does not resolve the complexities of how different factors interact in bicycle mechanics.

Rhine720
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Alright. So I'm froob and must admit I don't quite understand the bicycle and how it seems to give you more for less, so to say. I figured the shape of a wheel and how the curves stand off from the ground sort of enable gravity to give an extra pull on it. How ever , when I went to look it up it said the wheels acts like a lever. Hmm, So how does a lever work? Couldn't find a very exact reason for that. Somehow the lever and the wheel-lever definitions need to match...

Thanks!
 
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Rhine720 said:
more for less

More what for less what? :smile:
 
Well for like one step may only get you two feet, while going down on the pedal may take you several
 
Rhine720 said:
Well for like one step may only get you two feet, while going down on the pedal may take you several
This is mainly due to rolling. But assuming no rolling (high friction) the bike would be just a lever: you foot moves less than the tire, but with more force, depending on the gearing.
 
Gear wheels and cranks are both, effectively, levers. They move around a pivot and the Velocity Ratio is the ratio of the two radii involved. The 'perpendicular distance' as referred to in lever calculations, is just the radius for a wheel and the length of crank (assuming you are pushing on it at right angles).

What you get "more for less" is distance traveled. This involves more force, of course, because you can't get more energy (/power) out than you put in. The Mechanical Advantage is the actual ratio of the forces involved and the Efficiency is given by:
Efficiency = MA/VR
this is always less than unity but pretty good in biycles, the majority of the loss being due to the rolling resistance of the tyres which are constantly having to raise you 'up hill' as the tyre is always flattened against the road slightly. That's why you pump up racing tyres to insane pressures. Chains and sprockets and ball races are pretty damned efficient by any standard.
 

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