How do I perform these functions without using a calculator?

[Altrepair]

Anyone know of books or websites that teach one how to find square roots, cube roots, sin, cosine, e, ln, pi and so forth without using a calculator because this stuff is not taught in schools, but instead is simply calculated with calculators which is not what I like considering taking things for advantage is never wise.

 

[cragar]

you could use a slide rule.

 

[Phrak]

you could use a slide rule.

Or crayons and a ruler.

 

[HallsofIvy]

Right, they won't let me have sharp things like pencils.