How do you expand or factor a^n - 1?

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crazyformath2
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Can someone help me.

How would you expand or factor out an-1

Is there a theorem for this?
 
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is it a^(n-1) or (a^n)-1?
 
It's a pretty well known formula:

[tex]a^n- 1= (a-1)(a^{n-1}+ a^{n-2}+ \cdot\cdot\cdot+ a^2+ a+ 1)[/tex]