How does a magnet create its magnetic field.?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the mechanisms by which magnets create their magnetic fields, exploring the roles of electron motion, atomic structure, and intrinsic properties of materials. The scope includes theoretical explanations and conceptual clarifications related to magnetism.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how naturally formed magnets create their magnetic fields, suggesting that if magnetic fields arise from the velocity of charges, then all particles should exhibit some magnetic field.
  • Another participant proposes that the electrons orbiting atoms can be viewed as a current, which generates a magnetic field that can cancel out due to random orientations in non-aligned materials.
  • A different viewpoint states that electrons possess intrinsic spin and can develop magnetic fields from their orbital angular momentum, which can align in materials like iron to produce a noticeable magnetic field.
  • One participant describes a classical model of magnets as composed of current loops but cautions that this model has limitations and emphasizes the need for quantum mechanics to fully explain phenomena like paramagnetism and diamagnetism.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying perspectives on the origins of magnetic fields in materials, with no consensus reached on a singular explanation. The discussion includes both classical and quantum mechanical viewpoints, indicating ongoing debate and exploration of the topic.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include the dependence on definitions of magnetic fields and the complexity of electron behavior in different materials, which may not be fully resolved in the discussion.

aditya23456
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how does a magnet create its magnetic field.??

we know, magnetic field is a consequence of velocity attained by a charge..In case of magnet(naturally formed) how do they have magnetic field around them..If it is due to velocity of electrons in it,then all particles should have magnetic field to a certain extent..can't there be any particles naturally which exhibit electric field similar to magnetic field.?!
 
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The electrons that "orbit" atoms can be considered current.

The circular current generates a magnetic field, depending on the orientation of it's orbit.

But since atoms and electrons are pretty random, each one of these magnetic fields cancel each other out. That's because all the electrons are "aligned" differently.

When you take a ferromagnetic material like iron and expose it to a strong uniform magnetic field, all the electrons become "aligned" so that their produced magnetic field, instead of canceling each other out, now face the same direction.
 


Electrons have a magnetic field from their intrinsic spin and can also develop a magnetic field from their orbital angular momentum as well. These fields can align with each other in certain materials such as Iron, and add up to produce a macroscopic magnetic field that we see in everyday magnets. Most materials are not magnetic and the electrons simply cannot align their magnetic fields properly because of how they are situated in their orbitals.
 


you can picture a maget as made up of current loops,this a very classical picture.But it is really good ,if you don't get too far with it.otherwise there will not be any paramagnetism or diamagnetism.Correct explanation can only come from quantum mechanics in which an electron has an intrinsic spin.
 

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