How Does Friction Affect the Final Speed of a Particle on a Curved Path?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the final speed of a particle moving along a curved path under the influence of friction and a spring force. The particle's initial energy consists of potential energy from the spring and gravitational potential energy, which can be expressed as E = 1/2 * (mg/k) * (2Rk - mg). The presence of friction complicates the application of the kinetic energy theorem, necessitating the use of energy conservation principles while accounting for the work done by friction over a known distance.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics, specifically energy conservation principles
  • Knowledge of spring mechanics, including Hooke's Law and potential energy calculations
  • Familiarity with friction forces and their impact on motion
  • Ability to perform algebraic manipulations and solve equations involving kinetic and potential energy
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the concept of work done by friction and its formula: Work = Force x Distance
  • Explore energy conservation in systems with non-conservative forces, such as friction
  • Learn about the dynamics of particles on curved paths and the role of centripetal forces
  • Investigate the effects of varying spring constants on the motion of particles in similar systems
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics, as well as educators looking for practical examples of energy conservation and friction in motion.

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Homework Statement



A particle of mass m is moving along a path composed by two two quarters of circumference of radius R (see attached picture). The spring acting on the particle has a known constant equal to k and an equilibrium length equal to R (the radius again). Due to friction, on the particle acts a constant force F. Find the speed of the particle when it gets on the table.

Homework Equations



Final speed of the particle?

The Attempt at a Solution



I would start by finding the total initial energy of the system, namely the potential energy stored in the spring plus the potential energy of the particle. The spring is compressed by mg/k so its energy is 1/2 (mg/k)^2. Therefore the mass energy is mg(R - mg/k). Summing this with some algebra I get:

E = 1/2 * (mg/k) * (2Rk - mg)

Then I have no idea how to use this. The kinetic energy theorem does not work, because there is friction, right? Anything?

Thanks!
 

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I feel retarded but I don't see where the edit button is, so I'm just going to write something here. I wanted to make clear that F in the problem is the friction force experienced by the particle. And also, my calculations above are wrong, the spring is stretched by R at the initial position (see picture).
 
I can't see your figure yet, as it is pending approval by the forum administrators, so my following comment may or may not apply.

You can use energy "conservation" if the friction force F acts over a known distance D. The final energy will not be equal to the initial energy, but instead will be reduced by a certain amount.

That "certain amount" is the work done by the friction (and there is a simple formula relating work to force and distance).
 

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