Calculus II - Trigonometric Substitutions, Explanation Please

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on evaluating the integral of the function sqrt(9-x^2)/x dx using trigonometric substitutions. The user successfully transforms the variable x into theta using the substitution x = 3sin(theta), leading to the expression -3 ln|csc(theta) + cot(theta)| + 3cos(theta) + c. The confusion arises when transitioning back to x terms, particularly in simplifying the expression -3 ln|csc(sin^-1(x/2) + cot(sin^-1(x/3))| + 3cos(sin^-1(x/3)) + c to -3ln((sqrt(9-x^2) + 3)/x) + sqrt(9-x^2) + c. Ultimately, the user realizes that the solution relates to a right triangle formed by the trigonometric substitution.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of integral calculus, specifically trigonometric integrals.
  • Familiarity with trigonometric identities and their applications in calculus.
  • Knowledge of inverse trigonometric functions, particularly sin^-1.
  • Ability to manipulate logarithmic expressions in calculus.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study trigonometric substitution techniques in integral calculus.
  • Learn about the properties of logarithms in calculus, especially in integration.
  • Explore the geometric interpretation of trigonometric functions and their inverses.
  • Practice evaluating integrals involving square roots and trigonometric functions.
USEFUL FOR

Students of calculus, particularly those studying integral calculus and trigonometric substitutions, as well as educators seeking to clarify these concepts for their students.

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Evaluate

integral sqrt(9-x^2)/x dx

I get to here

-3 ln|csc(sin^-1(x/2)+cot(sin^-1(x/3))|+3cos(sin^-1(x/3)+c

I plugged in for theta because originally I had this

-3 ln|csc(theta)+cot(theta)|+3cos(theta)+c

and I set x equal to a expression

x=3sin(theta)

Hence i had to change my equation back to terms of x because the original integral was in terms of so by solving for theta

theta=sin^-1(x/3)

-3 ln|csc(theta)+cot(theta)|+3cos(theta)+c = -3 ln|csc(sin^-1(x/2)+cot(sin^-1(x/3))|+3cos(sin^-1(x/3)+c

but I'm lost as to why

-3 ln|csc(sin^-1(x/2)+cot(sin^-1(x/3))|+3cos(sin^-1(x/3)+c=-3ln((sqrt(9-x^2)+3)/x)+sqrt(9-x^2)+c

and was hoping someone could explain why
 
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nevermind i think i got it it's a triangle
 

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