How is reflectivity of a surface determined?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the determination of the reflectivity of surfaces in relation to electromagnetic waves, exploring both theoretical and practical aspects of measuring reflectivity and refractive indices without physical testing.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that reflectivity can be determined using the indices of refraction, referencing Fresnel's equations for normal incidence.
  • There is a question about what values to use for the indices of refraction (n1 and n2) in the equations.
  • One participant notes that the indices of refraction for optical materials are well tabulated, implying that this data can be used without physical testing.
  • Another participant explains that the index of refraction is derived from the speed of light in a vacuum compared to the speed in the medium, which requires measurements of relative permeability and permittivity.
  • It is mentioned that optical properties can be calculated ab initio using band structure calculations, though challenges in achieving good agreement with experimental results are acknowledged.
  • Concerns are raised about the difficulty of determining properties for amorphous materials, suggesting that reliable calculations may not be feasible in such cases.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the feasibility of determining reflectivity and refractive indices without physical testing, with some asserting that it is possible under certain conditions while others highlight significant challenges, particularly for amorphous materials.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the reliance on tabulated data for refractive indices and the challenges associated with calculating properties for amorphous materials versus crystalline structures.

newbie7.07
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I have no real experience in this subject and wanted to ask, can the amount of reflection (in terms of electromagnetic waves) of a substance be determined without physical testing?
 
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Yup, the reflectivity of an interface can be expressed through Fresnel's equations... which are from Maxwell's equations:

Just FYI (for normal incidence):

[tex]\Gamma = \frac{n_1 - n_2}{n_2 + n_1}[/tex]

where gamma represents the reflection coefficient.
 
Last edited:
Ummmmm...
What do you plug in for n1 & n2
 
The index of refraction of medium 1 (original) and medium 2 (new). Usually air is n1 and n2 is glass.

Incident and reflected powers
[tex]P(reflected) = \Gamma^2 P(incident)[/tex]
 
Oh. Actually I was wondering how you determine refractive index without testing. Sorry.
 
The indices of refraction of optical materials are well tabulated.
 
Last edited:
The index or refraction is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed in the medium. To find the speed in the medium you need the materials relative permeability and permittivity. And that is found by measurment. Permeability and permittivity of a vacuum come from Maxwell's equations.

Regards
 
One can calculate optical properties ab initio (with band structure calculations) but it is difficult to get good agreement with experiment.
 
  • #10
What is the material?
If you have a crystalline structure, yes, calculate using the band structure all of the material poperties you want. As Pieter has said, you will have great difficulties getting agreement with experimental evidence.

If the material is amorphous, like a glass, lots of luck. I am not an amorphous material expert, but I'd be very suprised if you can get an answer in general.

dt
 

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