You can see that [itex]T(t)= Ae^{(ih/E)t}[/itex] does satisfy the equation by differentiating. As arildno says, you can just think of k= (ih/E) and use the fact that the derivtive of [itex]Ae^{kt}[/itex] is [itex]kAe^{kt}[/itex].
If you are asking "how can we get that solution if we didn't notice that?", you need to integrate to go the other way:
[tex]\dfrac{dT}{dt}= -\dfrac{ih}{E}T[/tex]
separating variables,
[tex]\dfrac{dT}{T}= -\dfrac{ih}{E}dt[/tex]
[tex]\int\dfrac{dT}{T}= -\dfrac{ih}{E}dt[/tex]
[tex]ln(T)= -\dfrac{ih}{E}t+ C[/tex]
Now, take the exponential of both sides:
[tex]T= e^{-\frac{ih}{E}t}e^C[/tex]
and we let [itex]A= e^C[/itex].