How to Align Kronecker Product Results with Scalar Elements in a Matrix?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the alignment of Kronecker product results with scalar elements in a matrix, specifically addressing how scalar values transform into 2x2 matrices when subjected to the Kronecker product. The example provided illustrates the transformation of matrix T into a new matrix TT using specific 2x2 matrices Q and G. The primary concern raised is the alignment of resultant matrices with unchanged scalar values, particularly zeros, and whether the Kronecker product must also be applied to these zeros. The discussion references the mathematical model from the publication by T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain for further validation.

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  • Understanding of Kronecker product operations
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Mathematicians, data scientists, and engineers working with matrix operations, particularly those involved in performance modeling and analysis in wireless communications.

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The Kronecker product of an argument X and a 2x2 matrix, increases the dimensions of each argument X individually. If each argument X is a scalar value, it now becomes a 2x2 matrix.

How are these arguments now aligned with each other and the other elements in the resultant matrix?

For example:
In a matrix T, if we have several values and a certain number of 0s like:
T=
[0 1 0 ]
[0.3 0 0.7]
[0.1 0 0 ]

For the new matrix TT, we perform the Kronecker product of the values in the second diagonal (i.e. of 1 and of 0.7) with a 2x2 matrix Q which is

Q is
[0.8 0.2]
[0.4 0.6]

and the Kronecker product of the values in the first column (i.e. of 0.3 and of 0.1) with a 2x2 matrix G which is

G is
[1 1]
[1 1]

Each value i.e. 1, 0.7, 0.3, 0.1 now results into a 2x2 matrix

How are the resultant Kronecker product values aligned into the new resultant matrix TT, since the 0s remain as single scalar vaules?

With the dimensions of only a few elements increasing, there will be an alignment issue with regard to the existing unchenanged elements i.e. the 0 values. How do I align them correctly to form a new resultant matrix without losing context?

Do I (by default) HAVE to perform Kronecker product with the 0s also? If so, which 2x2 matrix do I use for that (Q or G)?

For further reference:

This problem arises from trying to validate and repeat the mathematical model given in Equations (19) and (20) to form a new matrix given in Equation (18) in the publication:
T. Issariyakul and E. Hossain, "Performance modeling and analysis of a class of ARQ protocols in multi-hop wireless networks, " IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 5, no. 12, Dec. 2006, pp. 3460-3468.

Thanks
 
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It makes more sense to operate with tensor products, which the Kronecker product is, only written differently. Look at Wikipedia for the definition. It's hard to follow the above writings. You basically produce scalar multiples of a given matrix and arrange the copies again as a matrix.
 

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