How to Determine the Homology Group of the n-Torus?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining the homology group of the n-torus, denoted as $\Bbb T^n$, which is defined as the product of $n$ circles. It is established that the $k^{\text{th}}$ homology group $H_k(\Bbb T^n ; \Bbb Z)$ is isomorphic to $\Bbb Z^{\binom{n}{k}}$ for all integers $k$ less than or equal to $n$. This conclusion is critical for understanding the algebraic topology of toroidal structures.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of algebraic topology concepts, specifically homology groups.
  • Familiarity with the properties of the n-torus, $\Bbb T^n$.
  • Knowledge of combinatorial mathematics, particularly binomial coefficients.
  • Basic proficiency in using mathematical notation and terminology.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the proof of the isomorphism $H_k(\Bbb T^n ; \Bbb Z) \cong \Bbb Z^{\binom{n}{k}}$ in detail.
  • Explore the applications of homology groups in algebraic topology.
  • Learn about other topological spaces and their homology groups.
  • Investigate the relationship between homology and cohomology theories.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students and researchers in algebraic topology, mathematicians interested in homological algebra, and anyone studying the properties of topological spaces, particularly toroidal structures.

Euge
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Here's this week's problem!

_______

Let $\Bbb T^n$ be the $n$-torus, i.e., the product of $n$ circles. Show that the $k^{\text{th}}$ homology group $H_k(\Bbb T^n ; \Bbb Z)$ is isomorphic to $\Bbb Z^{\binom{n}{k}}$ for all $k \le n$.
_______Remember to read the http://www.mathhelpboards.com/showthread.php?772-Problem-of-the-Week-%28POTW%29-Procedure-and-Guidelines to find out how to http://www.mathhelpboards.com/forms.php?do=form&fid=2!
 
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No one solved this week's problem. You can find my solution below.

Since $S^1$ has a cellular structure of 1 0-cell and 1 1-cell, $T^n$ has a cellular structure of $\binom{n}{k}$ cells in dimension $k$, for all $k \le n$ (the $k$-cells are of the form $e_{i_1} \times \cdots \times e_{i_k}$, where for each $j$, $e_{i_j}$ is a cell of $S^1$). The cellular boundary is $0$ in every dimension, so $H_k(T^n;\Bbb Z) \approx \Bbb Z^{\binom{n}{k}}$ for all $k \le n$.
 

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