How to find the tension using the F=ma formula

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To find the tension in the string connecting a 4.0 kg and a 6.0 kg mass over a pulley, apply the F=ma formula by analyzing the forces acting on each mass. Each mass experiences gravitational force downward and tension upward, which can be expressed as T = m*g for each mass. The difference in weight between the two masses will help determine the net force and thus the tension in the string. Understanding tension in physics refers to the force transmitted through the string, acting in opposite directions on the masses. This explanation clarifies the concept and calculation of tension in this scenario.
blue__boy
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A 4.0 kg and 6.0 kg masses are connected by a string over a pulley. What is the tension in the String?

I have no idea how to find the tension using the F=ma formula

Can someone please help me?
Please also explain tension in terms of the word meaning in Physics.

Thank you very much!
 
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Your reply really helps me!
Thank you very much! =)
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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