How to Prove the Second Part of a Multi-Part Question on Complex Eigenvalues?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on solving the second part of a multi-part question regarding complex eigenvalues in a second-order differential equation represented by the matrix A = \(\begin{pmatrix}-2 & 3/2 \\ 4/3 & -3\end{pmatrix}\). The user aims to demonstrate that \((A - r^{2}I)\epsilon = 0\) by assuming a solution of the form \(x = \epsilon e^{rt}\), where \(\epsilon\) is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue \(r^{2}\). The user expresses confusion about the definitions of \(x\) and \(\epsilon\) and seeks guidance on progressing with the proof.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of second-order differential equations
  • Familiarity with eigenvalues and eigenvectors
  • Knowledge of matrix operations, specifically 2x2 matrices
  • Proficiency in using exponential functions in differential equations
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  • Study the properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in linear algebra
  • Learn about the application of the characteristic polynomial in finding eigenvalues
  • Explore methods for solving second-order differential equations with constant coefficients
  • Investigate the role of the exponential function in solutions to differential equations
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Students studying linear algebra, particularly those focusing on differential equations and eigenvalue problems, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to complex eigenvalues.

rocketboy
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Homework Statement



This is the second part of a multi-part question. Part (a) shows that:

x'' = Ax = \left(\stackrel{-2}{4/3}\stackrel{3/2}{-3}\right)x

Part (b): Assume x = \epsilone^{rt} and show that (A - r^{2}I)\epsilon = 0

x is the solution to the second order differential equation above, and \epsilon is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue r^{2} of A.

The Attempt at a Solution



Part (b): Alright, so given the above, I stated that \epsilon = e^{-rt}x

I then substituted everything into the left side of the equation I'm trying to prove to obtain:

(A - r^{2}I)\epsilon = \left(\stackrel{-2-r^{2}}{4/3}\stackrel{3/2}{-3-r^{2}}\right)\left(\stackrel{x_{1}}{x_{2}}\right)e^{-rt}

from here, I can see that I am not going in the right direction... any suggestions to get me moving along?

Thank-you!
-J

EDIT: for clarification, the above are 2x2 matrices... latex put the entries fairly close together. The matrix A has entries (-2 3/2) on the top and (4/3 -3) on the bottom.
 
Last edited:
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What is \epsilon? A vector? But since you also don't tell us what x is, what see no way to understand x= \epsilon e^{rt}.
 
HallsofIvy said:
What is \epsilon? A vector? But since you also don't tell us what x is, what see no way to understand x= \epsilon e^{rt}.

Sorry, thanks, I'll edit my above post to be more complete.

Note: for some reason my \epsilon appear to be superscripts... nowhere should this be the case.
 
Last edited:

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