Hydrodynamics: Meniscus Height in Thin and Wide Cylinders

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of the meniscus height in water contained within cylinders of varying diameters, specifically comparing thin (micrometer or nanometer) cylinders to wider, macroscopic cylinders. Participants explore the hydrodynamic and surface tension effects that influence the formation and characteristics of the meniscus.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that a meniscus will form in a thin cylinder due to hydrodynamics and surface tension, questioning whether the height of this meniscus will change when the cylinder's diameter is increased.
  • Another participant challenges the premise by stating that a cylinder is not an equilibrium fluid shape unless there is contact line pinning, and questions the distinction between the fluid surface and bulk properties.
  • A participant observes that in a macroscopic glass of water, the surface appears flat, indicating no obvious meniscus.
  • One participant explains that the curvature of the fluid-fluid interface near the contact line is influenced by the balance of wetting forces and buoyancy, and that the height of the meniscus is dependent on the tube's radius due to the mass of fluid that must be pulled up.
  • Another participant reiterates the previous point about the curvature being independent of geometry and notes that there is a lower limit to the tube size, referencing Laplace's equation which indicates that higher pressures are needed to drive fluid into smaller tubes.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of the meniscus and its dependence on cylinder dimensions. There is no consensus on whether the height of the meniscus remains constant or changes with the cylinder size, and the discussion includes both exploratory reasoning and technical challenges.

Contextual Notes

Participants mention the need for further clarification on the conditions under which the meniscus forms and the assumptions regarding equilibrium states in fluid dynamics. The discussion also highlights the complexities involved in the behavior of fluids in confined geometries.

mkrems
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If I have some water in a thin (on the order of micrometer or nanometer even) cylinder, a
meniscus will form due to hydrodynamics and surface tension effects. There will be some characteristic height of the meniscus above the surface of the "bulk" water. Let's call this height "h". If I make the cylinder wider, say, to a macroscopic dimension, will this height "h"
remain the same or change? Please offer a reference if possible!

Thanks!
 
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I don't understand your question- a cylinder is not an equilibrium fluid shape, unless there is contact line pinning (and no bouyancy).

In any case, the surface of the fluid is not physically distinct from the bulk- the surface can be endowed with properties that result in discontinuous bulk properties (jump conditions), but the meniscus does not exist at some height off of the bulk.

Can you expand your question a little more?
 
I am now looking at my "macroscopically sized" glass of water. It looks pretty flat - no obvious meniscus.
 
Oh- I think I understand what the poster is referring to.

The fluid-fluid interface is curved in the vicinity of the contact line due to the balance of the wetting force and bouyancy (Laplace equation). The height of the meniscus, as compared to the fluid height of the reserviour (http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kinnas/319LAB/Book/CH1/PROPS/caprisegif.html) will depend on the radius of the tube because of the mass of fluid that has to be pulled up. But, the small amount of curvature in the immediate vicinity of the contact line is independent of the geometry and will always be present.

http://www.up.ac.za/academic/civil/divisions/geotechnical/pgcourses/sgm782/themes/theme3/objectives3.html

(section 3.1 is of relevance)
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Oh- I think I understand what the poster is referring to.

The fluid-fluid interface is curved in the vicinity of the contact line due to the balance of the wetting force and bouyancy (Laplace equation). The height of the meniscus, as compared to the fluid height of the reserviour (http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/kinnas/319LAB/Book/CH1/PROPS/caprisegif.html) will depend on the radius of the tube because of the mass of fluid that has to be pulled up. But, the small amount of curvature in the immediate vicinity of the contact line is independent of the geometry and will always be present.

http://www.up.ac.za/academic/civil/divisions/geotechnical/pgcourses/sgm782/themes/theme3/objectives3.html

(section 3.1 is of relevance)

And there is a lower limit to how small the tube can be- Laplace's equation again. It shows that the pressure required to drive fluid into a small void increases as the pore radius decreases. To get water into a nanometer sized tube requires extremely high pressures, or extremely low interfacial energies.

Edit- not sure why there was a pseudo double-post.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

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