I dont understand how solubility product (Ksp) work?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the solubility product constant (Ksp) of silver chloride (AgCl), which is established at 2 x 10^-10. In a saturated solution, the concentrations of Ag+ and Cl- ions are equal at 1.41 x 10^-5 mol/dm³. When additional Ag+ ions are introduced, leading to a concentration of 2 x 10^-4 mol/dm³, the chloride ion concentration decreases to 1 x 10^-6 mol/dm³ due to precipitation, illustrating the relationship between ionic product and Ksp. The key takeaway is that the increase in Ag+ concentration does not require a decrease in Ag+ ions but rather results in a decrease in Cl- ions to maintain the equilibrium defined by Ksp.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of solubility product constant (Ksp)
  • Knowledge of ionic equilibrium in saturated solutions
  • Familiarity with precipitation reactions
  • Basic concepts of molarity and concentration calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of Le Chatelier's principle in chemical equilibria
  • Learn about the calculation of ionic product and its implications on solubility
  • Explore the effects of common ion effect on solubility
  • Investigate precipitation reactions and their stoichiometry
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Chemistry students, educators, and professionals involved in analytical chemistry or materials science who seek to deepen their understanding of solubility and precipitation phenomena.

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Suppose the Ksp value of AgCl is 2 x 10^-10.

Lets say we have a saturated solution of AgCl, i.e concentration of Ag+ ions = concentration of Cl+ions = (2 x 10^-10)^0.5=1.41 x 10^-5

Ok so what i know is that if we add more Ag+ ions in the solution, precipitation of AgCl would occur since ionic product is greater than Ksp.

So let's say we add Ag+ ions such that the concentration of Ag+ ions is now 2x10^-4 moldm^-3.

Here is the part i don't understand.

The remaining chloride concentration would be 2x10^-10 divided by 2x10^-4 mol = 1x10^-6 moldm^-3. My question is where did the chloride ions go? i know it has precipitated but it doesn't make sense since the concentration of Ag+ ions did not decrease?
 
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Why would the concentration of Ag+ need to decrease? You have shown the Cl- concentration decreases from 1.41X10-5 to 1X10-6 so to maintain the Ksp product, Ag+1 must be higher.
 

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