Ideal gas inside a sphere under the influence of gravitational field

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the partition function and energy of an ideal gas consisting of N classical particles with mass m, contained within a spherical bottle of radius R, under Earth's gravitational field. The user seeks clarification on the potential energy of a single particle, specifically questioning the appropriateness of using spherical coordinates for this scenario. The correct approach involves recognizing that potential energy should be expressed as U = mgz, where z represents the height of the particle above a reference point, rather than using the radial distance from the origin.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of classical mechanics, particularly gravitational potential energy
  • Familiarity with statistical mechanics concepts, including partition functions
  • Knowledge of spherical coordinates and their application in physics
  • Basic principles of thermodynamics, especially thermal equilibrium
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the partition function for systems in gravitational fields
  • Learn about the implications of thermal equilibrium on ideal gases
  • Explore the use of spherical coordinates in potential energy calculations
  • Investigate the relationship between height and potential energy in gravitational fields
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physics students, particularly those studying thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, as well as researchers working on problems involving ideal gases in gravitational fields.

Thunderbird88
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Homework Statement



We have an ideal gas consisted of N classical particles, each having mass m. The system is inside a spherical bottle of radius R and is inside the gravitational field of the earth. The system is also in thermal equilibrium with a heat reservoir which has temperature T. I have to find the partition function and the energy of the system.2. The attempt at a solution

The problem I face is finding the energy of a single particle. I'm confused regarding the potential energy. My solution is in the pdf file. Is there something wrong with the spherical coordinates?
 

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I'm assuming you're placing the origin of the coordinate system in the middle of the sphere and directing the z-axis upward. The potential energy depends on how high the particle is, not how far it is from the origin, so U=mgr isn't correct.
 

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