Induced polarization for collision between conducting spheres

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the induced polarization of conducting spheres in an electric field. Participants clarify that free electrons within the conductors are polarized by the external electric field, which effectively reduces the distance between the centers of charge, enhancing the conversion of electric potential energy to kinetic energy. The conversation critiques existing explanations for their ambiguity regarding electron movement and polarization, emphasizing the importance of specifying that it is the surface of the spheres that becomes polarized due to local electron movement.

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Homework Statement
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Relevant Equations
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For this part (b) of this problem,
1675050823659.png

The solution is,
1675050872874.png


However, would a better explanation be:

As the spheres are conductors, there will be free electrons within and on the surface of the conductors that will be polarized by the external electric field between the conductor. This will decrease the effective distance between the centers of charge (won't affect net charge of sphere; only where charge is distributed locally within the sphere). Therefore, the spheres will be closer together that ##r_1 + r_2## so more electric potential energy will be converted to kinetic energy.

Thank you!
 
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In what way do you feel it is better?
What do you mean by electrons being polarised?
 
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haruspex said:
In what way do you feel it is better?
What do you mean by electrons being polarised?
Thanks for your reply @haruspex !

I guess their solution sort of implies that the surface becomes polarized due to the electric field between the spheres. While mine, at least tried too, said that surface will become polarized due to the movement of the electrons local to the surface.

Sorry yes I now realize that I said electrons become polarized, I meant the surface. Electrons can't get polarized since they already have a finite charge ##-e## in a uniform sphere.

Many thanks!
 
Callumnc1 said:
their solution sort of implies that the surface becomes polarized due to the electric field between the spheres. While mine, at least tried too, said that surface will become polarized due to the movement of the electrons local to the surface.
Reaaly? Their explanation says nothing about the field and does not use the word "polarised" but does say the electrons move - without saying why.
What I don't like is the reference to the "insides" of the spheres. Too ambiguous. I would have said that on each sphere they move to the side facing the other sphere.
 
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haruspex said:
Reaaly? Their explanation says nothing about the field and does not use the word "polarised" but does say the electrons move - without saying why.
What I don't like is the reference to the "insides" of the spheres. Too ambiguous. I would have said that on each sphere they move to the side facing the other sphere.
Thank you for your reply @haruspex ! I like what you pointed out about the insides of the spheres!
 

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