Inductance and Magnetic Energy of a Straight Wire

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SUMMARY

The magnetic energy of a length l of a straight wire carrying a uniformly distributed current i is calculated to be μ_0 i² l / 16π, demonstrating that this energy is independent of the wire's diameter. The inductance associated with the magnetic flux inside the wire is determined to be μ_0 l / 8π. The calculations utilize the Biot-Savart law and the equation for magnetic energy density, u_B = B²/2μ_0, confirming the relationships between current, magnetic field, and energy in the context of electromagnetism.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic theory, specifically magnetic fields and inductance.
  • Familiarity with the Biot-Savart law for calculating magnetic fields.
  • Knowledge of energy density in magnetic fields, particularly the formula u_B = B²/2μ_0.
  • Basic calculus skills for integration when dealing with non-uniform fields.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Biot-Savart law and its applications in various geometries.
  • Learn about the concept of magnetic energy density and its implications in electromagnetic systems.
  • Explore the principles of inductance in different conductor shapes and configurations.
  • Investigate the effects of wire diameter on magnetic fields and energy storage in practical applications.
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Students and professionals in physics and electrical engineering, particularly those focusing on electromagnetism, inductance, and magnetic energy calculations.

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Homework Statement



A long wire carries a current i uniformly distributed over a cross section of the wire.

Show that the magnetic energy of a length l equals μ_0 i2 l / 16π. Describe why this doesn't depend on diameter.

Show that the inductance for a length of the wire l associated with the flux inside the wire is μ_0 l / 8π

Homework Equations



u_B = B2/2μ_0

U = L i2 /2

Biot-Savart law for Field in a long wire:

B = μ_0 i / 2 π r

The Attempt at a Solution



Solve for u_B as

u_B = B2/2μ_0

= (μ_0 i / 2 π r ) 2 / 2μ_0

Multiply by volume of wire to find U:

U = ( (μ_0 i / 2 π r ) 2 / 2μ_0 ) * π r^2 l

= μ_0 i2 l / 8π

I'm off by a factor 1/2. Any suggestions?
 
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You need to find B inside the wire.

If uB is not uniform inside, integration will be necessary to find the total energy.
 

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