Inertial & Non-Inertial Frames: Laws of Physics Explained

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the distinction between inertial and non-inertial frames in the context of Einstein's theories of Special Relativity (SR) and General Relativity (GR). It is established that while the laws of physics are consistent across all inertial frames, non-inertial frames introduce complexities due to their reliance on coordinate transformations that may not adhere to tensor transformation laws. The conversation highlights the importance of tensors in formulating electromagnetism and the limitations of applying these concepts outside their defined domains. Additionally, the role of reference frames in physical measurements is emphasized, asserting that physics fundamentally operates within defined frames.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Einstein's Special Relativity (SR) and General Relativity (GR)
  • Familiarity with tensor mathematics and their applications in physics
  • Knowledge of coordinate transformations and their implications in physics
  • Basic concepts of electromagnetism and its tensorial formulation
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  • Study the mathematical foundations of tensors in physics, focusing on their transformation properties.
  • Explore the implications of non-inertial frames in General Relativity and their effects on physical laws.
  • Investigate the role of coordinate systems in electromagnetism and how they relate to tensor formulations.
  • Learn about the practical applications of reference frames in modern physics, including GPS technology.
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  • #31
vanhees71 said:
Of course, you do not need to do that but you can as well conveniently stay in a fixed inertial frame,
This is my point. The choice of reference frame is dictated entirely by the physicist's convenience, not the measurement apparatus.
 
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  • #32
Again, to interpret the pointer readings of your measurement devices within your arbitrarily chosen reference frame (the "lab frame") you need to know, which quantities these pointer readings represent. The most simple example in relativity is an ideal clock. It shows its proper time, which is different to a clock that is at rest wrt. to the lab frame. An ideal clock at rest relative to the lab frame shows the lab frame's coordinate time (by convention!), while a moving clock shows a different time. Of course, you can map these times to each other IF you know the relative motion of the clock wrt. your lab frame!
 
  • #33
Yes. None of that is controversial.
 
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  • #34
DaleSpam said:
This is my point. The choice of reference frame is dictated entirely by the physicist's convenience, not the measurement apparatus.
Maybe what you mean is that defining an inertial frame by measurement suffers from the same problem as the one-way speed of light, that cannot be measured without assuming a previous fixed synchronization between two distant clocks, so assigning just one or two inertial frames to two objects spatially separated can then only be a convention(physicists convention), not something derived from measurement devices?
 

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