Integral over standard n-simplex

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The discussion revolves around evaluating the integral G({\textbf{a}},m,s,t) over the standard n-simplex \Omega in \mathbb{R}^n, defined as the set of vectors \textbf{y} where each component y_i is non-negative and their sum equals one. The integral incorporates terms involving sums of components of \textbf{y} raised to powers s and t, along with a product of y_i raised to a vector of parameters \textbf{a}. The integral's complexity arises from the limits of summation, particularly in the transition from m to n versus m+1 to n. The Gamma function plays a crucial role in the evaluation of similar integrals, providing established solutions for specific cases.

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  • Understanding of integrals over n-dimensional spaces, specifically n-simplex.
  • Familiarity with the Gamma function and its properties.
  • Knowledge of multivariable calculus, particularly partial derivatives.
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  • Study the properties and applications of the Gamma function in integral calculus.
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  • Investigate related integrals with known solutions to understand the underlying principles and methods of evaluation.
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winterfors
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Given a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex#The_standard_simplex" in [itex]\mathbb{R}^n[/itex]:
[tex]\Omega = \left\{ {{\textbf{y}}:\,\,\,\,{y_i} \ge 0,\,\,\,\,1 = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{y_i}} } \right\}[/tex]
where n is a positive integer, and a vector [itex]\textbf{a}[/itex] with n elements [itex]a_i>1[/itex],

I need to evaluate the integral

(1) [tex]G({\textbf{a}},m,s,t) = \int\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \Omega } {{{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {{y_i}} } \right)}^s}{{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = m}^n {{y_i}} } \right)}^t}\left( {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^n {{y_i}^{{a_i} - 1}} } \right)dy}[/tex]

where t and s are real non-negative numbers, and m is an integer between 1 and n. The integral is taken over the standard n-1 simplex [itex]\Omega[/itex] with respect to [itex]dy = dy_1 dy_2...dy_n[/itex].



Similar integrals that have well-known solutions are:

(2) [tex]\int\limits_{y \in \Omega } {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^n {{y_i}^{{a_i} - 1}} dy} = \frac{{\prod\limits_{i = 1}^n {\Gamma ({a_i})} }}{{\Gamma \left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{a_i}} } \right)}}[/tex]

and

(3) [tex]\int\limits_{y \in \Omega } {{{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {{y_i}} } \right)}^s}{{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = m + 1}^n {{y_i}} } \right)}^t}\left( {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^n {{y_i}^{{a_i} - 1}} } \right)dy} = \frac{{\prod\limits_{i = 1}^n {\Gamma ({a_i})} }}{{\Gamma \left( {s + t + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{a_i}} } \right)}}\frac{{\Gamma \left( {s + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {{a_i}} } \right)}}{{\Gamma \left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {{a_i}} } \right)}}\frac{{\Gamma \left( {t + \sum\limits_{i = m + 1}^n {{a_i}} } \right)}}{{\Gamma \left( {\sum\limits_{i = m + 1}^n {{a_i}} } \right)}}[/tex]

where [itex]\Gamma[/itex] is the Gamma function.

Note that the only difference between (1) and (3) is that the second sum in (3) goes from m+1 to n instead of from m to n. This difference is however important, surely making the solution to (1) more complicated than that of (3).
 
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If it is of any help, I am in particular interested in [itex]\partial^2/\partial s \partial t[/itex] of [itex]\ln \left( {G({\bf{a}},m,s,t)} \right)[/itex] when both t and s equal zero, that is, I want to calculate

[tex]{{{\left. {\frac{\partial }{{\partial s}}} \right|}_{s = 0}}{{\left. {\frac{\partial }{{\partial t}}} \right|}_{t = 0}}\ln \left( {G({\bf{a}},m,s,t)} \right)}[/tex]
 

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