Integrals with a circle in the middle of them

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The integral symbol with a circle in the middle is called a closed integral, denoted as ∮. This notation indicates that the contour of the integral is closed, which is particularly relevant in the context of Gauss's Law. In Gauss's Law, this closed integral represents the integral of the dot product of the electric field (E) and the differential area vector (dA). The use of the closed integral is essential for evaluating flux through a closed surface. Understanding this notation is crucial for applying concepts in electromagnetism effectively.
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What is the symbol of an integral with a circle in the middle called? I am asking because Gauss's Law is defined to be equal to that integral of the dot product of E and dA.
 
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PainDoc said:
What is the symbol of an integral with a circle in the middle called? I am asking because Gauss's Law is defined to be equal to that integral of the dot product of E and dA.
The symbol

\oint_s \ldots d\mathbold{x}

is often used to indicate that the contour over which the integral is being taken is closed.
 
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