IR Spectra: N-O Nitro group: Why two peaks?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the infrared (IR) spectra of the nitro N-O bond, which exhibits two distinct peaks at 1550 cm-1 and 1400 cm-1. This phenomenon is attributed to the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes of the N-O bond. The conversation also touches on the carbon dioxide stretch, which appears as a doublet around 2350 cm-1, raising questions about its IR activity despite CO2's linear structure. The participants clarify that the behavior of these functional groups in IR spectroscopy is due to their molecular vibrations and symmetry.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of IR spectroscopy fundamentals
  • Knowledge of molecular vibrations and symmetry
  • Familiarity with functional group identification in organic chemistry
  • Basic concepts of stretching modes (symmetric and antisymmetric)
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  • Research the principles of IR spectroscopy and peak identification
  • Study the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes in molecular vibrations
  • Explore the IR spectra of other functional groups for comparative analysis
  • Investigate the factors affecting IR activity in linear molecules like CO2
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Chemistry students, organic chemists, and researchers in spectroscopy who seek to deepen their understanding of molecular vibrations and IR spectral analysis.

nbd
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My IR spectra correlation chart for organic chemistry says that the stretch for a nitro N-O bond occurs at "1550 and 1400cm-1" and that it will look like "teeth". Why does N-O have two peaks? The rest of the functional groups on my chart list a range in which a single peak should appear, but why is N-O expected to generate two peaks?

Thanks!
 
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nbd said:
My IR spectra correlation chart for organic chemistry says that the stretch for a nitro N-O bond occurs at "1550 and 1400cm-1" and that it will look like "teeth". Why does N-O have two peaks? The rest of the functional groups on my chart list a range in which a single peak should appear, but why is N-O expected to generate two peaks?

Thanks!

I suppose symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes. Note the analogous feature for CH3 groups at around 1430 cm^{-1}.
 
That makes sense, thank you! In the same vein, I notice that my correlation chart also has the carbon dioxide stretch listed as a "doublet" appearing around 2350 cm-1. Is that for a similar reason as N-O/CH3? In my mind it shouldn't be, because CO2 is not bent and does not have resonance, so the anti-symmetrical stretching would not be IR-active. If that's true, what could be causing the two bands for the carbon dioxide stretch?

Edit: Since this is kind of a new question, I posted it in its own thread here.
 
Last edited:

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