Is a Prime Number Always a Factor of a Product of Integers?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the proof of whether a prime number is always a factor of a product of integers if it is a factor of at least one of those integers. The scope includes mathematical reasoning and proof techniques related to number theory.

Discussion Character

  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asks how to prove that a prime number p is a factor of a product of integers a*b if and only if it is a factor of a and/or b.
  • Another participant states that the "if" direction is obvious and suggests using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic for the "only if" direction, noting that the prime decomposition of a*b must include p if p divides a*b.
  • A different participant agrees that one side is trivial and mentions the unique decomposition of integers into prime factors as a way to approach the converse implication.
  • One participant cautions that some proofs of unique factorization may rely on this property of primes, suggesting that using unique factorization in the proof could be illegitimate.
  • Another participant provides a direct application of Euclid's lemma, stating that if p is a factor of ab, then it must divide a and/or b.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the validity of the "if" direction of the proof, but there are differing views on the use of unique factorization in the proof process, indicating some level of disagreement or caution regarding the approach.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations regarding the assumptions made about unique factorization and the potential illegitimacy of using it in the proof, which remain unresolved.

liangiecar
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How to proof?
A prime number p is a factor of a non-zero product of integers a*b if and only if it is a facotr of a and/or b.
 
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The "if" direction is obvious. For the "only if", you need to use the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Because a*b has a unique prime decomposition, if a prime p divides a*b then it must be one of the primes in the decomposition. The prime decomposition of a*b is just the product of the decompositions of a and b, so p must divide a and/or b.

This sounds like a homework question! In which case you will need to be a lot more rigorous when you write it out.
 
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One side is trivial: if p is a factor of a and/or b, then it is clearly a factor of a * b.

For the converse implication, the easiest way I can think of is using the unique decomposition of any integer into its prime factors.
 
thx,guys
 
Caution. Some proofs of unique factorization may use this property of primes. And then it would be illegitimate to use unique factorization in the proof of this...
 
assume p is a factor of ab. then p|ab. since p is prime, euclid's lemma says p|a and/or p|b, thus p is a factor of a and/or b.
 

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