Is my understanding of the working principle of a solar cell correct?

In summary, when photons with enough energy hit the n-type layer of a solar cell, they create electron-hole pairs. Due to the voltage barrier across the PN junction, the electrons remain in the n-layer while the holes are pulled towards the p-layer by the electric field. This prevents recombination of the carriers. If an external circuit is connected, the electrons flow through it back to the p-layer to combine with the excess holes. This creates a photovoltaic voltage that drives the electrons back to the p-side in a completed circuit. Additionally, a diffusion current of electrons from the n-side to the p-side creates the initial electrostatic force that pulls the minority carriers across the junction. It is important to note that this summary is not necessarily
  • #1
JC2000
186
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TL;DR Summary
Need help verifying my understanding of the working principle of a solar cell.
1. Photons having enough energy to transmit an electron from the conduction band to the valence band must fall on the solar cell.
2. The cell is composed of a flat PN diode with the n-type layer on top.
3. As photons hit the n-layer, electrons and holes get formed.
4. Due to the voltage barrier across the PN junction the electrons remain in the n-layer while the holes 'flow' across the depletion region towards the p-layer (due to the electric field developed across the depletion zone) thereby preventing the holes and electrons from recombining. (The cell is designed such that the carriers get separated before recombination can occur)
5. If an external circuit is connected then the electrons flow through it from the n-layer towards the p-layer.
 
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  • #2
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode
My understanding of it is that photoelectrons (and there is a corresponding hole= making for an electron-hole pair) are generated basically in the p region (as minority carriers) and are electrostatically pulled across the junction to the n region. In the completed circuit, the electrons then go back into the p region to combine with the excess holes that resulted from the incident light. (Once the photoelectrons have reached the n region, there is an electrostatic imbalance, resulting in a photovoltaic voltage, that will drive the electrons back to the p side in a completed circuit).
Note that a diffusion current of electrons from the n side to the p side creates the first electrostatic force above, that will pull the minority carrier in the p side across the junction to the n side.
I'm not a complete expert here, so please try to verify my statements, rather than taking them as necessarily one hundred per cent correct.
 
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FAQ: Is my understanding of the working principle of a solar cell correct?

What is the working principle of a solar cell?

The working principle of a solar cell is based on the photovoltaic effect, which is the conversion of light energy into electrical energy. When sunlight hits the solar cell, it excites electrons in the semiconductor material, creating a flow of electricity.

How does a solar cell convert sunlight into electricity?

A solar cell contains layers of silicon, a semiconductor material. When sunlight hits the silicon, it knocks electrons loose from the atoms, creating a flow of electricity. The solar cell is designed to capture and direct this flow of electricity for use in powering devices.

What is the difference between a monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cell?

A monocrystalline solar cell is made from a single crystal of silicon, while a polycrystalline solar cell is made from multiple small crystals of silicon. Monocrystalline cells tend to be more efficient, but also more expensive, while polycrystalline cells are less expensive but slightly less efficient.

How long do solar cells last?

Solar cells have a lifespan of about 25-30 years, but can continue to produce electricity at a lower efficiency after that time. The longevity of solar cells depends on the quality of materials used and proper maintenance.

Can solar cells work in cloudy weather?

Yes, solar cells can still generate electricity on cloudy days. While direct sunlight is ideal for maximum efficiency, solar cells can still produce electricity from diffuse light. However, the amount of electricity produced may be lower compared to a sunny day.

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