Is my used Geiger counter radioactive?

[justamom]

TL;DR Summary

Worried about radioactive contamination from a possibly used Geiger counter

I’m a mom and was worried about radiation in the new house we moved into, so I ordered a Geiger counter (the GQ gmc 500 plus) on amazon. But I noticed the screen protector film wasn’t pressed on all the way so there were some bubbles, there also was one scratch on the screen protector film and some scratches on the Geiger counter plastic itself, now I’m worried Amazon sent me a used product. Since amazon sometimes sells returned items as new. What if someone used it at Chernobyl or touched it to radioactive objects or materials and it’s contaminated? Now my hands my house my children are contaminated with radioactive materials? Also how do I know if it is radioactive or not? Also I bought it twice, the first one I bought had a stain on the manual and after placing the Geiger counter on the manual with the stains, it started reading a consistent 0.18-0.27uSv/hour. The second one I bought came scratched and it read around 0.12-0.15uSv/hour. Why did the first one I bought read higher after it touched the stained manual? Maybe the manual had radioactive contamination? Can a Geiger counter detect if itself is radioactive or has radioactive contamination?

 

[fresh_42]

Everything in the world is radioactive, even you and me. It is a question of where the Geiger counter has been before, whether itself is more radioactive than the environment. I think it is safe to say that it wasn't used in Cernobyl nor in Fukushima, so chance are low that it is overly radioactive. And, yes, it counts itself, too. If it is radioactive itself (and works correctly) then you will measure this, too.

 

[justamom]

Everything in the world is radioactive, even you and me. It is a question of where the Geiger counter has been before, whether itself is more radioactive than the environment. I think it is safe to say that it wasn't used in Cernobyl nor in Fukushima, so chance are low that it is overly radioactive. And, yes, it counts itself, too. If it is radioactive itself (and works correctly) then you will measure this, too.

so did the Geiger counters contaminate my hands and my house and my children with radioactive materials?

 

[fresh_42]

so did the Geiger counters contaminate my hands and my house and my children with radioactive materials?

No.

It is theoretically possible, if it e.g. has been used on 3-mile-island 1979, but this is more than unlikely. It is probably not any more radioactive than the next concrete wall is. To become radioactive, it had to be exposed to a radioactive environment over some time. There is no reason to assume this was the case.

You can simply test it: switch it on and read the scale.

 

[gleem]

A reading of around 0.1uSv/hr would be a typical background reading for areas not known for unusual radiation dose rates. So your reading should not raise any suspicions or concerns. To get the best baseline reading take the reading outside your house. and compare that reading to one taken inside your house. The difference between the two should be negligible.

The difference in the readings between the two detectors you received is not significant because the number is derived from a calibration factor which may not super accurate depending on who and what protocol was used to determine this factor. These instruments are not precision devices.

Also, these instruments are most effectively used if you know what type of radiation you are detecting and the radiation that the instrument was calibrated for. The calibration is for one particular type of radiation and is not that accurate for the whole range the instrument is sensitive to.

The biggest issue with radiation levels in houses is radon for which a GM counter is unsuitable. If you are concerned about radon then you can obtain kits from survey companies that will give you a very good estimate of the level and probably advice for any remediation if warranted.

As for whether the instrument was contaminated you can only determine that with another detector.

 

[Vanadium 50]

0.1-0.27 uSv/hour is 1-2.4 mSv/year. This is on the low end of average. I would not worry about this. In particular because the biggest variable risk is radon and this device is not going to be able to measure radon.

 

[justamom]

No.

It is theoretically possible, if it e.g. has been used on 3-mile-island 1979, but this is more than unlikely. It is probably not any more radioactive than the next concrete wall is. To become radioactive, it had to be exposed to a radioactive environment over some time. There is no reason to assume this was the case.

You can simply test it: switch it on and read the scale.

like what if someone bought it before and used it to test radioactive materials, I saw on YouTube some people put the Geiger counter directly on top of uranium ore or radium paint. Also some even took the Geiger counter to Chernobyl to test the dirt for radiation etc.

also the numbers the Geiger counters were reading, the first one read 0.18-0.27uSv/hour and the second was 0.12-0.15uSv/hour, are those considered normal background radiation or are those high/indicative of radioactive contamination?

I’m so worried my hands and my kids and my car and house is contaminated with radioactive dust or liquid etc...

 

[fresh_42]

You must not be worried. Even if someone brought to Cernobyl and back it won't probably be contaminated, because a) you don't get very close to the actual plant, and b) you won't bring back any dirt. The smoke of a cigarette is likely more contaminated than your device! You say that you measured around $0.15 \mu S$. For comparison: the allowed value at the fence of a German nuclear power plant is according to Greenpeace $0.3 mS$. Hence your device measures the $0.002$-th part of it. The x-rays at your dentist are likely more damaging than that.

 

[justamom]

A reading of around 0.1uSv/hr would be a typical background reading for areas not known for unusual radiation dose rates. So your reading should not raise any suspicions or concerns. To get the best baseline reading take the reading outside your house. and compare that reading to one taken inside your house. The difference between the two should be negligible.

The difference in the readings between the two detectors you received is not significant because the number is derived from a calibration factor which may not super accurate depending on who and what protocol was used to determine this factor. These instruments are not precision devices.

Also, these instruments are most effectively used if you know what type of radiation you are detecting and the radiation that the instrument was calibrated for. The calibration is for one particular type of radiation and is not that accurate for the whole range the instrument is sensitive to.

The biggest issue with radiation levels in houses is radon for which a GM counter is unsuitable. If you are concerned about radon then you can obtain kits from survey companies that will give you a very good estimate of the level and probably advice for any remediation if warranted.

As for whether the instrument was contaminated you can only determine that with another detector.

so the Geiger counter is contaminated with radioactive materials?

 

[justamom]

0.1-0.27 uSv/hour is 1-2.4 mSv/year. This is on the low end of average. I would not worry about this. In particular because the biggest variable risk is radon and this device is not going to be able to measure radon.

But what if the Geiger counter was contaminated with radioactive materials then it got on my hands and all over my house, I also carried my baby after using the Geiger counter and didn’t wash my hands and my baby touched my hands and then rubbed his eyes/sucked his finger

 

[fresh_42]

so the Geiger counter is contaminated with radioactive materials?

Not more than you are, too!

 

[fresh_42]

But what if the Geiger counter was contaminated with radioactive materials then it got on my hands and all over my house, I also carried my baby after using the Geiger counter and didn’t wash my hands and my baby touched my hands and then rubbed his eyes/sucked his finger

You cannot have zero radioactivity. It simply does not exist. If there were radioactive material which could find a way to your or your baby's body, then you would have measured higher values than you actually did. It is safe.

 

[justamom]

You cannot have zero radioactivity. It simply does not exist. If there were radioactive material which could find a way to your or your baby's body, then you would have measured higher values than you actually did. It is safe.

Thank you, so 100% sure I did not contaminate my hands and my baby and our house with radioactive materials from the used Geiger counter?

 

[fresh_42]

Thank you, so 100% sure I did not contaminate my hands and my baby and our house with radioactive materials from the used Geiger counter?

Yes. Given that we still talk about micro Sievert.

 

[gleem]

so the Geiger counter is contaminated with radioactive materials?

As I stated the normal background dose rates are about 0.1 uSv/hr. The readings you measured are consistent with normal background rates. I would not be concerned about any possible contamination of the instrument based on your readings.

Any radiation survey instrument should be supplied with a weak radioactive check source to test the meter before it is used. When placed at a designated spot near the instrument's sensor a specific reading should occur. The expected reading should be supplied with the instrument it to assure that it is working properly. Do you have one of these sources and the expected reading?

For the benefit of any reader of this thread let me state that if you have a concern about radiation contact a person trained in evaluating environmental radiation levels. Most large hospitals have persons who can do this or can direct you to one that can. Interpreting the readings of any radiation detector is not as trivial as reading a meter.

 

[Vanadium 50]

Any radiation survey instrument should be supplied with a weak radioactive check source to test the meter before it is used.

This is a $100 device, and it doesn't even have a probe. I very much doubt it has a check source. It's not really a measurement tool. More of a toy.

 

[russ_watters]

@justamom please reread the thread slowly and pay particular attention to the word "radon". You're fearing the wrong thing.

 

[fresh_42]

@justamom please reread the thread slowly and pay particular attention to the word "radon". You're fearing the wrong thing.

But why doesn't a Geiger counter detect radon? Natural radon decays over $\alpha$ particles. Don't they measure $\alpha$ decay?

 

[Vanadium 50]

Don't they measure decay?

No. Alphas don't penetrate the window.

 

[gleem]

But why doesn't a Geiger counter detect radon? Natural radon decays over α particles. Don't they measure α decay?

The usual GM counter tube is too thick to detect alpha. It can detect the gammas but the low permissible concentration (4 pCi/liter or 0.15 Bq/liter) of Rn coupled with the low detection efficiency of the GM tube make it impossible to evaluate a hazard with this type of instrument. The best way to evaluate Rn concentration is to use an air sampler that forces the air through a charcoal filter at a given rate for an extended time and then measure the gammas from the filter with a high-efficiency scintillation well counter or similar device. You need to measure for an extended time because the Rn concentration can vary significantly during the day and with atmospheric pressure.

 

[rbelli1]

Go to your local grocery store and purchase a large canister of no-sodium salt substitute. Measure it with your counter. Now consider that you just measured food.

BoB

 

[Keith_McClary]

no-sodium salt substitute

Or:

 

[fresh_42]

No. Alphas don't penetrate the window.

How useless then. I mean, when am I exposed to ionization beams except at the dentist, or in a hospital? Who wants to know their exposure during flights or on winter vacation?

 

[russ_watters]

How useless then. I mean, when am I exposed to ionization beams except at the dentist, or in a hospital? Who wants to know their exposure during flights or on winter vacation?

Well, if it's a ski vacation, make sure to wear sunscreen -- it won't measure that ionizing radiation either.

That wasn't my point anyway though; my point was the OP didn't seem to notice the word "radon" and was fixated on the Geiger counter being contaminated. Fearing the Geiger counter, not the [potential for] deadly gas in the basement.

There's such a thing as rational fear or concern. It's the kind that you develop through thought, logic and learning, not by daydreaming and wildly speculating about what can kill you. Because pretty much everything can kill you if you use it wrong enough. So you have to put real thought into what to be concerned about/fear.

 

[hutchphd]

How useless then

The issue with radon is not the effect upon the radiation background. It is all short-period radon progenies which are responsible for most of radon's biological effects. They are often charged and adhere to dust particles and lung tissue. You will not be able to measure this with a simple meter.
Sorry but life is complicated.

 

[Vanadium 50]

How useless then.

Well, it's pretty much a toy. If you want to measure radon, you don't get this. You get a radon test kit.

 

[justamom]

Well, if it's a ski vacation, make sure to wear sunscreen -- it won't measure that ionizing radiation either.

That wasn't my point anyway though; my point was the OP didn't seem to notice the word "radon" and was fixated on the Geiger counter being contaminated. Fearing the Geiger counter, not the [potential for] deadly gas in the basement.

There's such a thing as rational fear or concern. It's the kind that you develop through thought, logic and learning, not by daydreaming and wildly speculating about what can kill you. Because pretty much everything can kill you if you use it wrong enough. So you have to put real thought into what to be concerned about/fear.

We don’t have a basement, I guess radon is out of my control because it’s something that’s in the ground/air. But I feel so much guilt for buying the Geiger counter on amazon when Amazon sells used/returned items as new sometimes and worried I further exposed my baby and kids to ionizing radiation from the contaminated Geiger counter, and that the radioactive materials could be on my hands, on and in my children, all over our house, in our car etc...

 

[fresh_42]

That wasn't my point anyway though; my point was the OP didn't seem to notice the word "radon" and was fixated on the Geiger counter being contaminated. Fearing the Geiger counter, not the [potential for] deadly gas in the basement.

I know, that's why I liked that you pointed out the radon problem again. But I'm a smoker, so I am automatically exposed to radon more than usual.

 

[justamom]

Well, if it's a ski vacation, make sure to wear sunscreen -- it won't measure that ionizing radiation either.

That wasn't my point anyway though; my point was the OP didn't seem to notice the word "radon" and was fixated on the Geiger counter being contaminated. Fearing the Geiger counter, not the [potential for] deadly gas in the basement.

There's such a thing as rational fear or concern. It's the kind that you develop through thought, logic and learning, not by daydreaming and wildly speculating about what can kill you. Because pretty much everything can kill you if you use it wrong enough. So you have to put real thought into what to be concerned about/fear.

Also can u please confirm if my fears/worries about a contaminated Geiger counter contaminating me and my kids and house with radioactive materials is irrational or not? I have contamination OCD around things like mercury, lead, asbestos, toxic chemicals, but now it seemed to fixate on radiation/radioactive materials... it got worse after having children as I worry for them and their health...

 

[hutchphd]

It is very unlikely that your Geiger counter purchase spread any contamination. Also if it was leaving (i e spreading) contamination it would have measured it. Your reading were fine! That being said worry about the big dangers for your kids:
Car seats and belts
second hand smoke
Firearms in the home
Good food
Near Earth asteroids
The electric grid
Fascists of all kinds
Seriously you need to prioritize as rationally as you can. Then do what you can. We all have our irrational fears

 

[jrmichler]

If you truly value the health and lives of your children, think about the fact that the average life span in 47 countries is longer than in the U.S. The main difference between the U.S. and those countries is that those people have healthier diets and they get more exercise. This chart is from Pocket World in Figures, 2018 Edition, by The Economist magazine.

 

[mfb]

For comparison: the allowed value at the fence of a German nuclear power plant is according to Greenpeace $0.3 mS$. Hence your device measures the $0.002$-th part of it. The x-rays at your dentist are likely more damaging than that.

0.3 mSv per year (over the natural background radiation). A year has 10,000 hours, so that's 0.03 uSv/hour extra.
Anyone receiving 0.3 mSv per hour would be an emergency that makes international news.

 

[justamom]

0.3 mSv per year (over the natural background radiation). A year has 10,000 hours, so that's 0.03 uSv/hour extra.
Anyone receiving 0.3 mSv per hour would be an emergency that makes international news.

Isn’t 0.03uSv/hour even less than what was recording at my house, which was 0.27uSv per hour at the highest??

 

[mfb]

over the natural background radiation

Nuclear power plants are not allowed to increase the radiation level by more than that. The natural radiation level can be whatever it wants (and it's over 1 uSv/hour in some places).
And that's the upper limit. In practice the increase is far smaller.

 

[justamom]

It is very unlikely that your Geiger counter purchase spread any contamination. Also if it was leaving (i e spreading) contamination it would have measured it. Your reading were fine! That being said worry about the big dangers for your kids:
Car seats and belts
second hand smoke
Firearms in the home
Good food
Near Earth asteroids
The electric grid
Fascists of all kinds
Seriously you need to prioritize as rationally as you can. Then do what you can. We all have our irrational fears

What would the reading be if the Geiger counter was contaminated with radioactive materials?

 

[artis]

@justamom you should really stop being concerned, I can understand the fear it is natural for humans to fear the unknown but in all honesty this fear is baseless.
see the link
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarapari

There are beaches and other geographical spots on Earth that have a natural average dose twice or three times as high as the one you measured. Some older houses that are built from rocks that contain naturally radioactive elements also have elevated levels.
There are two ways a geiger counter or anything else can become radioactive , either it has dust or particles from a radioactive source on it physically or it has been exposed to neutron radiation which is a specific sort of radiation normally only found in working nuclear reactor cores and other nuclear reactions. We can definitely rule out the second, as for the first the chances the detector has been contaminated with radioactive dust are low.
Now if this makes you feel safer although not really needed but you can put some rubber gloves on take some electronics cleaning alcohol and clean the detector with it somewhere outside. then put the detector to dry, wash your gloves with normal water and soap and your done. If you feel like you can open the case and the reassemble it you can try to do that and clean the inside too with the same alcohol.
Although as I said , this is a rather pointless exercise and most likely the detector is simply reading off by a little and you have just a boring regular normal background level as most of us do.It is hard to tell what would the reading be if it was contaminated because that would depend on what substance and how much.
But really you should stop worrying. The stress from that is causing more harm than the actual radiation even if there was some.
I have worked around liquid mercury and I still have some in a bottle. The same thing could be said here. There are many things that are contaminated with some levels of mercury in our world. As long as the levels are not high enough we are fine.

 

[artis]

@fresh_42 Well not just to radon you are then also more exposed to Po 210 and Pb210 both of which are in tobacco along countless other nasty stuff.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14557035/
By the way Po210 also the poison the KGB/FSB used to assassinate their former agent turned "traitor" Litvinenko.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisoning_of_Alexander_Litvinenko

I am not judging you by no means I used to smoke too, before I kind of came to realize it's rather useless , especially with the crap tobacco they use in cigarettes nowadays. Also I have had problems when for example having a morning coffee and then smoking a cigarette ,since I have vegetative dystonia , the few times i tried to mix these things my heart went into arrhythmia one time almost to the point I felt like having convulsions and thought I was about to die. Caffeine and nicotine mixed can be a real killer for some no need for heroin.
After that I put a stop to any such activities.
Kinda of ironical people afraid of radiation meanwhile there are atleast 10 substances we use as humans daily that can kill easily if done the wrong way, starting from alcohol to caffeine and tobacco etc.

 

[Vanadium 50]

@justamom , nobody here can tell you the history of the device. Doubly so because we cannot even take a look at this. If you told us "I have a spoon, where has it been?" we couldn't answer it either.

What we can say is that the meter's reading does not indicate any danger. It shows the normal, natural level of radiation in the environment, and if anything, is on the low side of average. In this regard, it's better than a spoon - it still can't tell us its history, but it can say that right now there is no elevated risk.

The caveat is that this device is a toy. It is not intended for any serious health physics use. It isn't calibrated and isn't calibratable. It's probably not too far off, but I wouldn't expect two different devices to give the exact same readings anyway.

Finally, the most important source of radiation is radon, and this device doesn't measure it.

 

[gleem]

Well, it's pretty much a toy

Actually, this can be considered a serious instrument capable of providing the information for which it is capable. What it is not capable of is determining your biological dose which the Sievert is supposed to represent. This device detects ionizing events due to radiation that can penetrate the detector's wall. From there on the significance of the reading must be interpreted based on the type of radiation and concentration of the radioactive material assumed. Typically the GM counter is used to indicate or find problems in areas where the radiation material environment is known. Just walking into some arbitrary and especially high radiation environment with a GM counter can be very dangerous. "Caveat Usor"

 

[Vanadium 50]

I disagree. This device is intended for "Hey look! Fiestaware is slightly radioactive!" If I wanted to "indicate or find problems in areas where the radiation material environment is known" I would want something intended for that: an honest-to-goodness survey meter. These cost 20-30x what this one costs.

 

[gleem]

All GM counter do the same thing the only difference is the quality of the materials from which they are constructed and perhaps some characteristics like stability and robustness. The most expensive GM counter will tell you no more.

 

[justamom]

@justamom you should really stop being concerned, I can understand the fear it is natural for humans to fear the unknown but in all honesty this fear is baseless.
see the link
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarapari

There are beaches and other geographical spots on Earth that have a natural average dose twice or three times as high as the one you measured. Some older houses that are built from rocks that contain naturally radioactive elements also have elevated levels.
There are two ways a geiger counter or anything else can become radioactive , either it has dust or particles from a radioactive source on it physically or it has been exposed to neutron radiation which is a specific sort of radiation normally only found in working nuclear reactor cores and other nuclear reactions. We can definitely rule out the second, as for the first the chances the detector has been contaminated with radioactive dust are low.
Now if this makes you feel safer although not really needed but you can put some rubber gloves on take some electronics cleaning alcohol and clean the detector with it somewhere outside. then put the detector to dry, wash your gloves with normal water and soap and your done. If you feel like you can open the case and the reassemble it you can try to do that and clean the inside too with the same alcohol.
Although as I said , this is a rather pointless exercise and most likely the detector is simply reading off by a little and you have just a boring regular normal background level as most of us do.It is hard to tell what would the reading be if it was contaminated because that would depend on what substance and how much.
But really you should stop worrying. The stress from that is causing more harm than the actual radiation even if there was some.
I have worked around liquid mercury and I still have some in a bottle. The same thing could be said here. There are many things that are contaminated with some levels of mercury in our world. As long as the levels are not high enough we are fine.

How do you know it wasn’t exposed to neutron radiation?

What if someone took it on a tour to Chernobyl or Fukushima or some nuclear power plant?

Also if there is radioactive dust on it, then the readings would’ve been how much hypothetically?

 

[Keith_McClary]

There are many things that are contaminated with some levels of mercury in our world.

Someone in another forum had broken a compact fluorescent bulb in a child's room and were so concerned about the mercury that they moved the kid out and taped the door shut.

 

[Drakkith]

What would the reading be if the Geiger counter was contaminated with radioactive materials?

More than what the counter was reading. Seriously, you're worried over nothing.
There's no indication that your counter is contaminated.

 

[Drakkith]

How do you know it wasn’t exposed to neutron radiation?

What if someone took it on a tour to Chernobyl or Fukushima or some nuclear power plant?

Also if there is radioactive dust on it, then the readings would’ve been how much hypothetically?

Listen to me. There is no reason to believe your counter is contaminated. The sell and transport of radioactive/contaminated materials is a SERIOUS crime and no one in their right mind would do so. Even over ebay or through other online retailers.

 

[Vanadium 50]

What if someone took it on a tour to Chernobyl or Fukushima or some nuclear power plant?

We have no evidence of that, but we know it's not very radioactive. It tells us this when it's turned on.

How do we know that your spoons weren't on a tour of Chernobyl or Fukushima or some nuclear power plant?

 

[artis]

Just to be clear Chernobyl as well as Fukushima are not working power plants , they have been closed for a rather long time now. Particle contamination tends to settle over time into soil and elsewhere , winds carry it away etc. So unless you go to Chernobyl then find a "hotspot" and then dig it together with all the dirt and put it into a jar , otherwise no need to worry.

@justamom don't be afraid.
What I find more interesting is in your first post you said

Summary:: Worried about radioactive contamination from a possibly used Geiger counter

I’m a mom and was worried about radiation in the new house we moved into

Now what made you think that there could be radiation (beyond safe levels since background is everywhere) in that new house? Was it some random thought or was there legitimate concern/information ?PS. Although I am in no position to teach you what to do with your money or life, I would advise now that you have already spent the money and have the device , don't be afraid of it, instead keep it and don't throw it away, if you have kids (especially a son) and you happen to travel somewhere , like in those old mines or on other tourist locations, you can take that dosimeter with you and teach your kids something about physics. Like for example how certain rocks have higher concentrations of naturally radioactive elements.
Just a thought.

 

[justamom]

Just to be clear Chernobyl as well as Fukushima are not working power plants , they have been closed for a rather long time now. Particle contamination tends to settle over time into soil and elsewhere , winds carry it away etc. So unless you go to Chernobyl then find a "hotspot" and then dig it together with all the dirt and put it into a jar , otherwise no need to worry.

@justamom don't be afraid.
What I find more interesting is in your first post you saidNow what made you think that there could be radiation (beyond safe levels since background is everywhere) in that new house? Was it some random thought or was there legitimate concern/information ?PS. Although I am in no position to teach you what to do with your money or life, I would advise now that you have already spent the money and have the device , don't be afraid of it, instead keep it and don't throw it away, if you have kids (especially a son) and you happen to travel somewhere , like in those old mines or on other tourist locations, you can take that dosimeter with you and teach your kids something about physics. Like for example how certain rocks have higher concentrations of naturally radioactive elements.
Just a thought.

They poured mortar all over the original floor to raise the subfloor and to plug up all the expansion gaps in the original floor, then they covered it with a vinyl floor that has a limestone composite, and there’s also granite countertops. Mortar, limestone and granite all emit radiation so I wanted to check them. Also has pink tiles in the bathroom that I wanted to make sure weren’t radioactive

 

[justamom]

We have no evidence of that, but we know it's not very radioactive. It tells us this when it's turned on.

How do we know that your spoons weren't on a tour of Chernobyl or Fukushima or some nuclear power plant?

The spoons I use are all brand new, I always buy new spoons.

 

[justamom]

Listen to me. There is no reason to believe your counter is contaminated. The sell and transport of radioactive/contaminated materials is a SERIOUS crime and no one in their right mind would do so. Even over ebay or through other online retailers.

I only worry because Amazon sometimes will get returned products and repackage and sell them off as new. This has happened many times with other things like clothing, hats, toys I bought... sometimes they’ve been opened before but Amazon still sells them to me.

If u look up the reviews online for the GQ GMC500 plus or look on YouTube, u can see people using it on a tour in chernobyl, they put it right on the ground in the dirt, or they put it on top of uranium ore or cesium 137 or other radioactive things etc.