Is the Time to Discharge a Capacitor Always the Same Number of Time Constants?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the discharge time of a capacitor in an RC circuit, specifically addressing whether the time required to reach a charge close to zero is always a fixed multiple of the time constant. The equation q=Q_0e^{-t/RC} indicates that theoretically, infinite time is needed for complete discharge, but practically, a capacitor can be considered fully discharged when its charge is less than the charge of one electron. For a capacitor with a capacitance of 0.910 microfarads and a resistor of 690 kilo ohms, the time to reach this state is calculated to be 19.7 seconds, which corresponds to 31.4 time constants. The conclusion confirms that the discharge time is indeed a consistent multiple of the time constant, regardless of the specific values of resistance and capacitance.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of RC circuits and time constants
  • Familiarity with the exponential discharge equation q=Q_0e^{-t/RC}
  • Basic knowledge of charge quantization (charge of an electron)
  • Ability to perform calculations involving capacitance and resistance
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the capacitor discharge equation q=Q_0e^{-t/RC}
  • Learn about the implications of charge quantization in electrical circuits
  • Explore practical applications of RC circuits in timing and filtering
  • Investigate the effects of varying resistance and capacitance on discharge rates
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, physics students, and anyone interested in understanding capacitor behavior in RC circuits will benefit from this discussion.

hokie1020
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Strictly speaking, the equation q=Q_0e^{-t/RC} implies that an infinite amount of time is required to discharge a capacitor completely. Yet for practical purposes, a capacitor may be considered to be fully discharged after a finite length of time. To be specific, consider a capacitor with capacitance C connected to a resistor R to be fully discharged if its charge q differs from zero by no more than the charge of one electron.

I could do everything except explaining why Part C's answer is correct
Part A
Calculate the time required to reach this state if C = 0.910 microF, R = 690 kilo ohms, and Q_0 = 6.80 microC.
t=19.7s
Part B
How many time constants is this?
31.4 time constants
Part C
For a given Q_0, is the time required to reach this state always the same number of time constants, independent of the values of C and R?
yes
Part D
Why or why not? (in response to Part C)




Part D is what i can't explain. Can anyone help?
 
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If you rearrange the charge equation (which is the solution to the differential equation produced by Kirchkoff's circuit rules) for the situation where the capacitor discharges to q(T) = e (one fundamental charge), we have

e/Q_0 = e^(-T/RC) .

I think what they're saying is this: for any RC circuit with varying choices of R and C, and starting with a fully-charged capacitor, the ratio of this defined discharge time to the circuit time constant is simply related to the ratio of e/Q_0 .
[EDIT: Re-reading the question once again, I agree with their answer; the equation above shows why. Try it with numbers to satisfy yourself -- I had to...]
 
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