Graduate ##\Lambda##-enhanced gray molasses cooling

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##\Lambda##-enhanced gray molasses cooling integrates gray molasses cooling with velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) to improve atomic cooling efficiency. The key difference lies in the mechanism; gray molasses cooling uses multiple laser beams to create a spatially varying light field, while VSCPT focuses on manipulating atomic states to achieve transparency for slower atoms. The combination allows for enhanced cooling by utilizing the advantages of both methods, particularly in achieving a dark state that favors low-velocity atoms. This results in a more effective cooling process as it reduces the kinetic energy of atoms more efficiently. Understanding the interplay between these techniques is crucial for advancements in atomic physics and cooling methodologies.
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Hello! I am confused about ##\Lambda##-enhanced gray molasses cooling. I understand that it combines gray molasses cooling with velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT). But I can't seem to understand what is the difference between these 3 methods. As far as I can tell, the main idea is that, by having 2 laser beams in a Raman setup, one can end up with a dark state, which is a combination of ground state levels, and the likelihood of reaching this dark state increases with reducing the velocity of the atom, hence atoms with low velocities become transparent to the light. But that seems just what VSCPT does. Where is the gray molasses coming into play? @Twigg ? Thank you!
 

Thread 'Wave properties of a phonon'

I am currently reading Kittel's Introduction to Solid State Physics and am confused by the terminology regarding phonons. On page 99 (8th ed.), regarding Eq. 27, Kittel writes: "The energy of an elastic mode of angular frequency ## \omega ## is ## \epsilon = (n + 1/2)\hbar\omega ## when the mode is excited to quantum number ## n ##; that is, when the mode is occupied by ## n ## phonons. This definition implies that: The mode (the harmonic oscillator) is the entity that possesses the wave...
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