Light speed measured from distance

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the measurement of light speed in varying gravitational fields, particularly near event horizons and distant galaxies. It establishes that clocks run slower in stronger gravity fields, affecting the perceived speed of light based on the observer's position. The author, Torquil, differentiates between "physical velocity" and "coordinate velocity," asserting that while physical velocity remains constant at 1, coordinate velocity can vary significantly depending on the chosen coordinate system, such as Schwarzschild coordinates.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of general relativity concepts, particularly gravitational time dilation.
  • Familiarity with Schwarzschild coordinates and their implications on light propagation.
  • Knowledge of differential geometry, specifically the metric tensor and its components.
  • Basic grasp of the distinction between physical and coordinate velocities in physics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the implications of gravitational time dilation on light speed measurements in general relativity.
  • Study the properties of Schwarzschild coordinates and their effect on light trajectories.
  • Investigate the mathematical formulation of the metric tensor in various gravitational fields.
  • Learn about the concept of coordinate systems in physics and how they influence velocity measurements.
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, astrophysicists, and students of general relativity seeking to deepen their understanding of light propagation in gravitational fields and the nuances of velocity measurements in different coordinate systems.

Calimero
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Clocks run slower, deeper they are in the gravity field, or faster they are receding from observer.

Question: If we could measure speed of light near the event horizon, or at far away galaxy, by means of measuring from distance, would we measure light going slower there?

I am not asking about measuring speed of light there, or speed of light coming from gravity well, or distant galaxy, and passing us. I am asking what we would measure from here as speed of light there.
 
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I prefer to define the following quantities (example for diagonal metric, and 1+1 dim):

ds^2 = g_tt*dt*dt - g_xx*dx*dx

physical time differensial: dtau := sqrt(g_tt)*dt
physical length differential: dl := sqrt(g_xx)*dx
physical speed: v := dl/dtau

Since ds^2=0 for light, you will always have v = 1 for light.

However, if you want to calculate |dx/dt| for light, that could be anything depending on your coordinate system. E.g. in Schwarzschild coordinates, radial movement of light towards the origin will have |dr/dt| > 1, since this is just a "coordinate velocity", not physical velocity.

If you define "speed of light" to be my "physical velocity" then you would measure always 1, and this is the most sensible thing to do IMO. If you define it as my "coordinate velocity", then you could get anything you want, depending on your coordinate system.

Torquil
 

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