Loop falling in a magnetic field

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the behavior of a conductive loop falling in a magnetic field, specifically analyzing the induced voltage and forces acting on the loop. The magnetic flux is defined as ##B_{0}w(h-y)##, leading to an induced voltage of ##\mathcal{E}=B_{0}wdy/dt##, which results in a clockwise current. The forces on the loop's segments are calculated, revealing that the gravitational force and magnetic force both act downwards, raising questions about energy dissipation during constant speed motion. The participants suggest using Lenz's law for a clearer understanding of current direction.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic induction principles
  • Familiarity with Lenz's law and its applications
  • Knowledge of magnetic flux calculations
  • Basic concepts of circuit resistance and current flow
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Lenz's law in electromagnetic systems
  • Explore the relationship between induced voltage and current in circuits
  • Investigate energy conservation in systems with constant speed motion
  • Examine the effects of resistance on energy dissipation in electrical circuits
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Physics students, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in the principles of electromagnetic induction and circuit behavior in magnetic fields.

Jenny Physics
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Homework Statement
The rectangular loop of wire in the figure is placed so that all but its bottom segment are in a uniform magnetic field ##B_{0}## perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The wire falls under the influence of gravity. The loop has resistance ##R## and mass ##M##.

(a) As the wire falls will the induced current flow clockwise or counterclockwise?
(b) What is the induced current when the velocity of the loop is ##v##?
(c) What are the forces on each segment of the loop when it has fallen a distance ##y## from the initial position?
(d) If the initial vertical velocity of the loop is ##v_{0}## the total force on the loop vanishes as long as ##y<h##. Find ##v_{0}##.
(e) If the wire begins with velocity ##v_{0}## after falling a distance ##h## the loop gravitational energy decreases by ##Mgh##. Where did this energy go? Show that that source gets exactly ##Mgh## so that energy is conserved.
Relevant Equations
Use Faradays' law and Lorentz force on a current
loop.PNG

(a) Let's say the loop has fallen ##y## from its initial position. Then the magnetic flux is ##B_{0}w(h-y)## and the induced voltage is ##\mathcal{E}=B_{0}wdy/dt##. Since this voltage is positive, the current flows clockwise.

(b) ##I=\frac{\mathcal{E}}{R}=\frac{B_{0}wv}{R}##

(c) The force on the bottom segment is zero since it is outside the magnetic field.

The force on the top segment is ##IB_{0}w\hat{x}\times \hat{z}=-IB_{0}\hat{y}## (downwards)

The force on the left segment is ##IB_{0}(h-y)\hat{y}\times\hat{z}=IB_{0}(h-y)\hat{x}## (to the right)

The force on the right segment is ##-IB_{0}(h-y)\hat{x}## (to the left)

(d) It appears that I have both the gravitational force and the magnetic force downwards?

(e) Not sure where the potential energy goes since it is constant speed motion.

Comments?
 
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Jenny Physics said:
(a) Let's say the loop has fallen ##y## from its initial position. Then the magnetic flux is ##B_{0}w(h-y)## and the induced voltage is ##\mathcal{E}=B_{0}wdy/dt##. Since this voltage is positive, the current flows clockwise.
Why does positive ##\mathcal{E}## imply clockwise current? I think a better approach for this question is to use Lenz's law.

(d) It appears that I have both the gravitational force and the magnetic force downwards?
This might indicate that you got the wrong direction for the current.

(e) Not sure where the potential energy goes since it is constant speed motion.
Does current in a circuit with resistance produce any form of energy?
 
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