Matrix reppresentation of poincare group generators

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the matrix representation of the Poincaré group generators, particularly focusing on the translation components. Participants explore the nature of translations as linear or non-linear transformations and their implications in different mathematical frameworks, including Hilbert spaces and matrix representations.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the matrix representation of the Poincaré group generators, specifically the translation parts, and express confusion over matrices that depend on group parameters.
  • One participant asserts that translation by a fixed 4-vector is not a linear transformation.
  • Another participant suggests that translation group operators could be represented as matrices only if a new method of matrix multiplication is defined to accommodate non-linearity.
  • A participant notes that while translations are not linear transformations on \mathbb{R}^4, there exists a linear operator corresponding to translations in a Hilbert space, expressed as \exp(-ia_\mu P^\mu), where P^\mu are momentum operators.
  • One participant recalls that the Poincaré group can be interpreted as a group of 5x5 matrices, implying that the generators might also be expressed in this form, although they question its utility in quantum mechanics.
  • Another participant recommends literature for a detailed treatment of the irreducible representation of the Poincaré group, mentioning various texts that cater to both physicists and mathematicians.
  • One participant claims that translations are generated by momentum matrices, similar to how rotations are generated by angular momentum matrices, and references a specific arXiv paper for further formulas.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether translations can be considered linear transformations, and there is no consensus on the utility of representing the Poincaré group generators as matrices. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of these representations.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the dependence of matrix representations on group parameters and the distinction between representations in different mathematical contexts, such as Hilbert spaces versus \mathbb{R}^4.

Bobhawke
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Does anyone know what a matrix representation of the poincare group generators looks like (specifically the translation parts)? I've been trying to figure this out but I get matrices that are dependent on the group parameters.
 
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Bobhawke said:
Does anyone know what a matrix representation of the poincare group generators looks like (specifically the translation parts)? I've been trying to figure this out but I get matrices that are dependent on the group parameters.

Is translation by a fixed 4-vector a linear transformation?
 
No it isnt.

But matrix multiplication is linear. So is the correct conclusion that the translation group operators could be represented as matrices only if we define a funky new way of multiplying matrices together that allows non-linearity?
 
A translation isn't a linear transformation on [itex]\mathbb R^4[/itex], but if we're talking about a representation on a Hilbert space, there is of course a linear operator that corresponds to the translation. A translation by a four-vector with components [itex]a^\mu[/itex] is [itex]\exp(-ia_\mu P^\mu)[/itex], where the [itex]P^\mu[/itex] are the momentum operators. These momentum operators can't be written as matrices when we're working with this representation.

Hmm...I just remembered that the Poincaré group can be interpreted as a group of 5x5 matrices. (I read that here). So I guess the generators can be expressed as 5x5 matrices too, but I don't think that fact is very useful in QM.
 
For a detailed treatment of the irreducible representation of the Poincare group, see Group Theory in Physics by Wu-Ki Tung. For treatments more amenable to mathematicians, see some combination of: Theory of Group Representations and Applications by A. O. Barut and Ryszard Raczka; The Dirac Equation by Bernd Thaller; Lie Groups and Quantum Mechanics by D. J. Simms.
 
Awesome, thanks for the replies guys.
 
Translations are generated by momentum matrices, just as rotations are generated by angular momentum matrices (spin matrices). Momentum matrices are arrays of Clebsch Gordon coefficients. For formulas see `A Derivation of Vector and Momentum Matrices', arXiv:math-ph/0401002 .
 

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