Mg cos theta in context of incline plane

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the forces acting on a mass on an incline plane, specifically the downward force represented as either mg cos Θ or -mg cos Θ. Participants clarify that the normal force (FN) is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the component of gravitational force acting perpendicular to the incline, expressed mathematically as -mg cos Θ + FN = 0. The choice of sign convention is emphasized, indicating that defining the downward direction as negative is valid and does not affect the overall analysis of forces. The conclusion is that the lecturer's omission of the negative sign may be an oversight, but the underlying physics remains consistent regardless of the chosen coordinate system.

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  • Knowledge of normal force calculations on inclined planes
  • Basic grasp of sign conventions in physics
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For a mass on an incline plane, is the downward force mg cos Θ or -mg cos Θ?
I'm inclined to state there should be a negative but from my lectures, the negative does not appear to be stipulated. I was wondering if it's was a mistake by the lecturer.

mg cos Θ + FN = 0
mg cos Θ = -FN

the downward force must be of equal magnitude to the normal force-but opposite direction.
This makes sense mathematically.

However, geometrically, it does make sense for the down ward force to be -mg cos Θ.

Could someone clarify?
 
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It depends! Are you defining up or down to be negative? You are free to do either. But the great thing about vectors is that it doesn't matter what coordinate frame you choose. And you have just found this out. Regardless of your choice of positive or negative you have found that the normal force must be in an opposite direction of the gravitational force. I am not sure if that clarify's completely but it should help.
 
Using a sign convention where into the plane is negative, the component of the weight normal to the surface would be -mg cosθ:
-mg cosθ + FN = 0
FN = mg cosθ (positive, thus out of the plane)
 
ModusPwnd said:
It depends! Are you defining up or down to be negative? You are free to do either. But the great thing about vectors is that it doesn't matter what coordinate frame you choose. And you have just found this out. Regardless of your choice of positive or negative you have found that the normal force must be in an opposite direction of the gravitational force. I am not sure if that clarify's completely but it should help.

Doc Al said:
Using a sign convention where into the plane is negative, the component of the weight normal to the surface would be -mg cosθ:
-mg cosθ + FN = 0
FN = mg cosθ (positive, thus out of the plane)

I am defining down to be negative.

I am suspecting the lecturer committed a blunder by forgetting the negative sign.
 

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