Minimum distance to avoid collision using relative motion

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the minimum distance required to avoid a collision between two cars traveling in opposite directions, with specified velocities and retardations. The correct solution involves using the equation of motion, yielding a minimum separation of 225 meters. However, an alternative approach using relative motion resulted in a distance of 150 meters, which is incorrect due to the change in relative acceleration once one car stops. The key takeaway is that the minimum distance must account for both cars' stopping distances.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinematic equations, specifically $$v^2=u^2 + 2as$$
  • Knowledge of relative motion concepts
  • Familiarity with uniform acceleration and retardation
  • Basic principles of collision avoidance in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of kinematic equations in collision scenarios
  • Explore relative motion in different reference frames
  • Investigate the effects of varying acceleration on collision outcomes
  • Learn about advanced collision avoidance techniques in physics
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on kinematics and collision theory, as well as educators looking for practical examples of motion analysis.

cr7einstein
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Homework Statement



2 cars with velocities 10 m/s and 20 m/s are traveling in opposite directions, having uniform retardation of 2m/s^2 and 1m/s^2 respectively. Find minimum separation between them such that they don't collide.

Homework Equations


$$v^2=u^2 + 2as$$
$$V_{12}=v_{1}-v_{2}$$

The Attempt at a Solution


It can easily be solved by finding the distance they require to come to a stop using equations of motion, and adding them up, i.e. $$d_{min}=\frac{v_{1}^2}{2a_{1}} + \frac{v_{2}^2}{2a_{2}}$$. This gives, upon substituting, $$225 $$metres as the answer, which is correct.
The problem is, I want to do it using relative motion. Suppose 1st car is moving along positive X axis towards right, and car 2 towards left. In frame of 2nd car, $$v_{12}=v_{1}-(-v_{2})=v_{1}+v_{2}=20+10=30 m/s$$. Similarly, acceleration of car 1 must be towards left (opposite to velocity) and towards right for car 2. Thus, $$a_{12}= -3m/s^2$$. Now, in frame of car 2, car 1 comes in with a velocity 30m/s and retardation (-3)m/s^2. In order to avoid collision, it has to cover the distance between them such that its velocity upon reaching 2 becomes zero(the distance here is the minimum distance), i.e. $$v_{12f}=0$$. Using $$v^2=u^2 + 2as$$, we get $$(0)^2=(30)^2+2(-3)(x)$$, which on solving gives
$$x=150m$$.
I don't understand what is my mistake. Please point it out. Thanks in advance!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Which car stops first? What happens to the relative acceleration then?
 
@DEvens, Do you mean to say that after one of the cars stop, the relative acceleration changes? Well it does but then does it mean that the 150m I get is valid only until one of the car stops, and the other still travels 75 more metres?
 

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