Multi-variable calculus orhogonality problem

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves proving the orthogonality of a curve \( p: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}^n \) and a vector \( v \in \mathbb{R}^n \) under certain conditions. Specifically, it is given that \( v \) and \( p'(t) \) are orthogonal for all \( t \), and that \( p(0) \) is orthogonal to \( v \). The goal is to establish that \( p(t) \) and \( v \) are orthogonal for all \( t \).

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss applying the derivative of the dot product to the problem, noting the relationships between the derivatives and the original vectors. There is an exploration of how to connect the initial conditions to the general case.

Discussion Status

The discussion includes various attempts to manipulate the equations derived from the properties of orthogonality. Some participants express uncertainty about how to relate the initial conditions to the general case, while others suggest that recognizing the nature of the vector \( v \) as constant may provide clarity.

Contextual Notes

There is a mention of previous related problems that may inform the current discussion. The participants are navigating the implications of the orthogonality conditions and the nature of the vectors involved.

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Homework Statement


The curve [tex]p:R->R^{n}[/tex] and the vector [tex]v \in R^{n}[/tex]. Assume [tex]v[/tex] and [tex]p'(t)[/tex] are orthogonal for all [tex]t[/tex]. And that [tex]p(0)[/tex] is orthogonal to [tex]v[/tex].
Prove that [tex]p(t)[/tex] and [tex]v[/tex] are orthogonal for all t.


Homework Equations


Since the previous question in the same main question (ie 2(a) and we are now working on 2(b)is the following proof who's result may be relevant.
[tex](u\cdot v)' = u\cdot v' +v\cdot u'[/tex]
[tex]u,v\in R^{n}[/tex]


The Attempt at a Solution


I can see that this should be true, just struggling with how to prove it:
I've applied the above relation to both the given dot products and set them equal to zero, since they are orthogonal. I've also expanded
[tex](p(t) \cdot v)'[/tex] with the same above relation and I end up with 4 equations which may have been useful:
[tex]v\cdot p'(t)=0[/tex]
[tex]v\cdot p(0)=0[/tex]
[tex](v\cdot p(0))'=v\cdot p(0)'+p(0)\cdot v'=0[/tex]
[tex](v\cdot p(t))'=v\cdot p'(t)+p(t)\cdot v'[/tex]
however I see no way to relate u.v itself(rather than the derivative) using this method. I've substituted the above 4 equations into each other in various ways, however there is a fundamental relationship that I think I am missing that somehow links p(0) to everything else.
I've also tried writing the last two equations as summantions(dot product definition); and as the full matrix that the derivatives would yield, but the result is much the same dead end, other than the fact that I can pull the derivative out of the summations on the left hand side of the equations

Help pls?
 
Last edited:
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Isn't this much easier than it looks?
Applying the identity for u = p(t), v = v gives you
[tex] (p(t) \cdot v)' = p'(t) \cdot v + p(t) \cdot v'[/tex]

What does it mean for two vectors to be orthogonal?
Now what can you say about [itex]p'(t) \cdot v[/itex] and about v'?
 
If they are orthogonal the dot product is zero, because the vectors are sitting perpendicularly at 90 degrees and uvcos(90)=0

We know that [tex]p'(t)\cdot v[/tex] is zero.
This leaves:
[tex](p(t) \cdot v)' = p(t) \cdot v'[/tex]

Unfortunately I don't see anything specific about v' other than it's perpendicular only to p(0) which was given..
 
Last edited:
Isn't v a constant vector?
 
nvm, solved. Thank U for the constant vector clue, I missed that.. :), .I have difficulty seeing the subtleness of some proofs.
 
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