Normal incidence of light on a denser medium

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the behavior of light at the interface between a rarer medium and a denser medium, specifically addressing the phase shift of half-wavelength that occurs upon reflection. At normal incidence, this phase-shifted light retraces its path, leading to the cancellation of waves due to boundary conditions, resulting in a standing wave pattern. The conversation also highlights that if the phase difference is zero, the resultant wave will form an antinode at the interface instead of a node, similar to sound reflection in pipes. Boundary conditions are crucial in determining the characteristics of these standing waves.

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  • Understanding of wave behavior and phase shifts
  • Knowledge of refractive index concepts
  • Familiarity with standing wave patterns
  • Basic principles of sound reflection in closed and open pipes
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  • Explore the mathematical formulation of boundary conditions in wave mechanics
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akhila_k
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When light, traveling through a rarer medium, gets reflected off at an interface with a medium of higher refractive index, it suffers a phase shift of half-wavelength. Now if it was normal incidence, the phase-shifted light would retrace its path. Does that mean the wave would cancel out?
 
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akhila_k said:
When light, traveling through a rarer medium, gets reflected off at an interface with a medium of higher refractive index, it suffers a phase shift of half-wavelength. Now if it was normal incidence, the phase-shifted light would retrace its path. Does that mean the wave would cancel out?
The boundary conditions at the interface insist that the waves cancel out. As you look further away from the interface you pass through regions where the waves augment and cancel - i.e. a standing wave pattern. Power flows to the right and to the left. You don't actually lose any Power.
 
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sophiecentaur said:
The boundary conditions at the interface insist that the waves cancel out. As you look further away from the interface you pass through regions where the waves augment and cancel - i.e. a standing wave pattern. Power flows to the right and to the left. You don't actually lose any Power.
Okay. Thank you. Now if the phase difference was zero, the resultant would still be a standing wave, but now there will be an antinode at the interface instead of a node as in the previous case. Is that right?
 
Right. It's due to the boundary conditions. A good example is the reflection of sound at the end of a pipe if it is closed or if it is open. You still get a standing wave but with a node or antinode at the end - depending.
 
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sophiecentaur said:
Right. It's due to the boundary conditions. A good example is the reflection of sound at the end of a pipe if it is closed or if it is open. You still get a standing wave but with a node or antinode at the end - depending.
Thank you. That was really helpful.
 
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Boundary conditions rule! :smile:
 
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