Nuclear Physics - Uranium decay chain and Bateman equation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the activity of Radon-222 (##^{222}Rn##) in a 5g sample of natural uranium using the Bateman equation. The decay chain of Uranium-238 (##^{238}U##) is outlined, leading to Radon-222 through a series of isotopes. The user encountered an issue where the calculated coefficient ##c_i## resulted in a negative value, indicating a potential error in the application of the Bateman equation or the decay constants sourced from Wolfram Alpha. It is emphasized that for accurate results, the decay constants must be correctly applied, and the assumption of equilibrium concentrations for long-lived isotopes must be considered.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Uranium-238 decay chain
  • Familiarity with the Bateman equation for radioactive decay
  • Knowledge of decay constants and their significance in nuclear physics
  • Basic skills in converting mass to atomic quantities
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the Bateman equation and its application in decay chains
  • Research the decay constants for Uranium-238 and its daughter isotopes
  • Learn about radioactive equilibrium and its implications in decay calculations
  • Explore alternative sources for decay constant values beyond Wolfram Alpha
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students and professionals in nuclear physics, particularly those studying radioactive decay processes, as well as researchers involved in radiological assessments and environmental monitoring of uranium ore samples.

Phruizler
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Homework Statement



Calculate the activity of ##^{222}Rn## in an ore sample containing 5g of natural uranium.

Homework Equations



##^{238}U## decay chain (to Radon): ##^{238}U\rightarrow^{234}Th\rightarrow^{234}Pa\rightarrow^{234}U\rightarrow^{230}Th\rightarrow^{226}Ra\rightarrow^{222}Ra##

Bateman equation (for activity of a daughter isotope after a series of decays):

##A_n = N_o\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} c_ie^{-\lambda_it}## where ##c_i=\frac{\lambda_1\lambda_2 ... \lambda_n}{(\lambda_1 - \lambda_i)(\lambda_2 - \lambda_i) ... (\lambda_n - \lambda_i)} \qquad \left(i \neq n\right)##

The Attempt at a Solution



Well, I used the known decay constants for each isotope in the decay chain and plugged them into the Bateman equation. Unfortunately, ##c_i## turns out to be negative, giving me a negative number of atoms, which is obviously incorrect. The portion where I simply convert 5g of uranium into total number of atoms is fine. Anyone know where I'm going wrong? I'm assuming ##t=0## since time is seemingly irrelevant to the problem as stated.

EDIT: I guess I should add that I am getting my decay constants from Wolfram Alpha, but I don't see why it would be giving me anything but the correct values, as they match with other available literature.
 
Last edited:
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If you start with pure uranium at t=0 then your Radon decays at t=0 will be zero.
U-238 should be by far the most long-living isotope in your sample. If the sample is old enough (no time is given, so I guess you have to assume that), all other isotopes should be very close to their equilibrium concentrations.
 

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