Nuclear Reactions, Can anyone check my solution?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the uranium consumption in a nuclear reactor using Uranium-235 (235 U) as fuel, with an output of 107 W and an overall efficiency of 10%. The user successfully determined that the mass of uranium consumed per hour is 4.54 grams by calculating the energy released per atom and the total energy input into the reactor. The calculations involved using Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula (E=mc²) and Avogadro's number to convert atoms to moles. The final answer of 4.54 grams was confirmed as correct, with an acknowledgment of alternative methods for reaching the same conclusion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of nuclear reactions, specifically the decay of Uranium-235.
  • Familiarity with Einstein's mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
  • Knowledge of Avogadro's number for mole conversions.
  • Basic principles of efficiency calculations in energy systems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore advanced nuclear physics concepts related to Uranium-235 decay mechanisms.
  • Learn about energy efficiency optimization in nuclear reactors.
  • Investigate alternative methods for calculating energy release in nuclear reactions.
  • Study the implications of nuclear fuel consumption on reactor design and sustainability.
USEFUL FOR

Students in nuclear physics, engineers working on nuclear reactor design, and anyone interested in the calculations behind nuclear energy production.

maceng7
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Homework Statement


A nuclear power station reactor using 235 U (Uranium) as fuel has an output of 107 W. How much uranium is consumed per hour if the overall efficiency is 10%. The 235 U decays by the following reaction:

n + 235 U → 144 Nd + 89 Y + (3)(n) + (7)(e-)

Homework Equations


P = E / time
E = mc2

The Attempt at a Solution


I started out by finding the change in mass in the reactants and products:
mass of reactants = 236.05258 amu
mass of products = 235.845131 amu
Δ mass = 0.207449 amu

I then used E = mc2 to find the energy released from one uranium nuclei:
E = (0.207449amu)(1.66054 x 10^-27 kg)(2.9979 x 10^8 m/s)^2
E = 3.096 x 10^-11 J/atom

I then found the efficiency of the reactor:
efficiency = output/input x 100%
0.10 = output / input
input = 10^8 Joules

P = E/t
E = (10^8 W)(3600s)
E = 3.60 x 10^11 J

I now know how much energy is inputed into the generator each hour and I know how much energy is released per atom of Uranium. I can find the total number of atoms that undergo this reaction in one hour:

3.60 x 10^11 J / 3.096 x 10^-11 J/atom = 1.16x10^22 atoms

I used avogadro's number to find the number of moles

(1.16x10^22 atoms) * (1 mol / 6.022x10^23 atoms) = 0.0193 moles

I use n = m / M to find the mass in grams:

0.0193 mol * 235.043915 amu = 4.54g

It would be great if anyone could check my steps in my solution. The answer is 4.54 g but I just want to make sure my process is correct and maybe if there is another way to get to the same answer. Thanks, I appreciate it!
 
Last edited:
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I would directly divide the released energy per reaction by the mass of an uranium atom to get J/kg, but your method is fine, too.
 

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