Number of photoelectrons liberated

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the calculation of the number of photoelectrons liberated from a metallic surface when exposed to light of two wavelengths, λ1 and λ2, with equal intensity I. The formula used is E = nhc/λ, leading to the conclusion that the number of photoelectrons is dependent on both the intensity of the light and the specific wavelengths involved. Participants clarify that while the photoelectric current primarily depends on intensity, there is a wavelength dependence in the probability of photoemission, particularly for different materials. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding quantum efficiency and the effects of light color on photoemission.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the photoelectric effect and its principles
  • Familiarity with the equation E = nhc/λ
  • Knowledge of work function φ in electron volts (eV)
  • Basic concepts of quantum efficiency in photocathodes
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the relationship between light intensity and photoelectric current
  • Explore the concept of quantum efficiency in different materials
  • Learn about the threshold frequency and its implications in photoemission
  • Investigate the spectral response of various photocathodes
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those studying optics, photonics, or materials science, as well as anyone interested in the practical applications of the photoelectric effect.

erisedk
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Homework Statement


A beam of light has two wavelengths λ1 (A°, i.e. angstrom) and λ2 with total intensity of I (W/m2) equally distributed amongst the two wavelengths. The beam falls normally on an area A m2 of a clean metallic surface of work function φ (eV). Assume that there is no loss of light by reflection and that each photon has enough energy to eject one electron. Calculate the number of photoelectrons liberated in 2 seconds.

Homework Equations


E = nhc/λ

The Attempt at a Solution


Number of electrons liberated due to light of wavelength λ1 :
I/2×A×2 = n1 hc/λ1
n1 = ( IAλ1 )/hc
Similarly, n2 = ( IAλ2 )/hc
And answer will be n1 + n2
Which is indeed correct.
However, I don't understand something.
Shouldn't the number of photoelectrons ejected be independent of the wavelength of incident light (cos here n ∝ λ)? Isn't that what we've always heard, that number of photoelectrons ejected is only dependent on the intensity of incident light, as long as the light has enough energy to supersede the work function?
 
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Silly problem. First of all because metallic surfaces are quite reflective (up to their plasma frequency).

And of course there is also a wavelength-dependence in the probability of photoemission.
 
PietKuip said:
And of course there is also a wavelength-dependence in the probability of photoemission.

From what I know, the photoelectric current (or the number of photoelectrons emitted) only depends on the intensity of the incident light. Changing the frequency (or wavelength) of the incident light does not change the photoelectric current, as long as the frequency of the incident light is above the threshold frequency.
In this problem, number of photoelectrons emitted is dependent on the wavelength of the incident light. What part of my argument is wrong?
 
erisedk said:
From what I know, the photoelectric current (or the number of photoelectrons emitted) only depends on the intensity of the incident light. Changing the frequency (or wavelength) of the incident light does not change the photoelectric current, as long as the frequency of the incident light is above the threshold frequency.
Of course the photoelectric current must depend on the color of the light. X-rays go straight through.
Here is a plot of the spectral response of some alkali photocathodes (note the logarithmic scale):
http://psec.uchicago.edu/library/photocathodes/zeke_Bialkali.png

The best these optimized materials can do is a quantum efficiency of about 25 % in the blue part of the spectrum.
 
Last edited:
Thank you! I get it now. I was confusing and overcomplicating some things relating to saturation currents for different frequencies.
 
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