Number Theory Question Possibly related to combinatorics too.

In summary, the problem is asking to prove that a! b! | (a+b)!. The solution involves considering the factorial of (a+b) and a, and showing that the former divided by the latter equals (a+1)(a+2)...(a+b), which is divisible by b!.
  • #1
iironiic
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Homework Statement



Prove that [itex]a! b! | (a+b)![/itex].


Homework Equations



Probably some Number Theory Theorem I can't think of at the moment.


The Attempt at a Solution



Without loss of generality, let [itex]a < b[/itex].
Therefore [itex]b! | \Pi _{k=1}^b a+k[/itex]. Since [itex](a+1) ... (a+b)[/itex] are [itex]b[/itex] consecutive terms, [itex]b|\Pi _{k=1}^b a+k[/itex]. The problem I am running into is that you don't necessarily get [itex]b-1[/itex] consecutive terms in the next step of the recursive reasoning. Any suggestions? Thanks!

This question reminds me of questions like, how many possible combinations can you rearrange the letters in "MISSISSIPPI"? This might be a combinatorics question too but I'm not entirely sure.
 
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  • #2
Consider that (a+b)! = (1)(2)(3)...(a)(a+1)(a+2)...(a+b).

And a! = (1)(2)(3)...(a).

Now it should be clear that (a+b)!/a! = (a+1)(a+2)...(a+b). Then your assertion that b! divides that should be sufficient.
 

FAQ: Number Theory Question Possibly related to combinatorics too.

What is number theory?

Number theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of numbers, particularly integers. It is a fundamental and ancient area of study that has connections to many other branches of mathematics, including combinatorics.

What are some important topics in number theory?

Some important topics in number theory include prime numbers, divisibility, modular arithmetic, Diophantine equations, and the distribution of prime numbers.

How is number theory related to combinatorics?

Number theory and combinatorics have a close relationship, and many problems in number theory have combinatorial aspects. For example, the study of partitions and permutations is closely linked to number theory, and combinatorial methods are often used to solve problems in number theory.

What are some applications of number theory?

Number theory has many applications in various fields, including cryptography, computer science, and physics. It is also used in the development of efficient algorithms and in the study of patterns and structures in nature.

What are some famous problems in number theory?

Some famous problems in number theory include the Goldbach Conjecture, the Riemann Hypothesis, and the Twin Prime Conjecture. These problems have fascinated mathematicians for centuries and continue to be actively studied and researched.

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