Origin of Characteristic X Rays: How Do Atoms Produce Them?

Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the origin of characteristic X-rays and how atoms produce them. Participants explore the mechanisms behind X-ray production, the relationship between energy levels in atoms, and the nature of emitted photons.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants describe X-rays as produced when a high-energy electron knocks out an inner electron, allowing a higher orbital electron to fall into a lower energy level, emitting an X-ray photon in the process.
  • Others clarify that the energy of the emitted X-ray is characteristic of the energy difference between the atomic energy levels involved.
  • Some participants question the distinction between the "process of production" and the "origin" of X-rays, seeking deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
  • One participant suggests that the formation of X-rays is analogous to the formation of visible light photons, emphasizing the role of electron transitions between energy levels.
  • Another participant notes that the distinction between X-rays and gamma rays is based on their origin, with X-rays associated with atomic electrons and gamma rays with sub-atomic processes.
  • There is a discussion about the possibility of an atom absorbing a photon and then emitting a photon with higher energy, contingent on the atom's initial state.
  • Some participants mention the importance of energy conservation in the context of photon absorption and emission.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of X-ray production and its origin, with no consensus reached on the deeper implications of these processes. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the specific understanding of "origin."

Contextual Notes

Participants reference various processes such as bremsstrahlung and the photoelectric effect, but the discussion does not resolve the complexities of these mechanisms or their implications for understanding X-ray origins.

Lisa!
Gold Member
Messages
672
Reaction score
96
I know the process of their production, now I want to know what's their origin? How does an atom produce them?

PS:Donno whether it's the right forum to ask this question or not, so feel free to move it to the right place!:smile:
 
Last edited:
Physics news on Phys.org
X rays are produced from the inner electrons of an atom. A high energy accelrated electron hits an inner electron in the target atom, it knocks the electron out of the atom and a higher orbital electron falls into the lower orbit giving off energy = an x ray photon.

The energy is characteristic of the energy difference between the levels and so you can tell precisely what atom was involved from the frequency of the emitted x-ray. You can even get hand held x-ray spectrometers the size of a camcorder that you point at a rock or piece of metal and it will tell you the proportion of each element present.

You can also generate x-rays by bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) when the path of a high energy electron bends in an electric or magnetic field
 
Thank you but as I said I already know what you said! :smile:Souds like I wasn't able to make my question clear.
 
I know the process of their production, now I want to know what's their origin?
surely "process of their production" = origin , what do you want to know?
 
mgb_phys said:
surely "process of their production" = origin , what do you want to know?

hmmm...how this difference in binding energy appear as X rays?
 
I thought mgb_phys gave a good answer.

X-rays are formed the same way that visible light photons are formed, i.e. an electron falls from one orbit (energy level) to a lower energy orbit (or one more tightly bound) in the atom.

Now the precusor to that is an electron in the K or L shell has to be 'knock out', which can happen with a gamma ray, X-ray of much higher energy than the binding energy of the particular level, or an energetic electron, as is the principal behind an X-ray machine. The first two processes can be photoelectric or Compton effect.

X-rays have characteristic wavelengths related to the atomic electron which falls into the 'open' energy level (K or L shell).

Brehmsstrahlung radiation applies to free electrons, and the X-ray spectrum is continuous.


The distinction between X-rays and gamma-rays has to do with origin rather than energy. X-rays generally refer to photon emissions associated with 'atomic electrons', which gamma-rays refer to photons originating from radionuclei or 'sub-atomic' process, e.g. decay.

Technically, I think brehmsstrahlung photons are considered low energy gamma-radiation, because the electrons are free rather than initially bound.
 
The electrons in each atom are at different energy levels, and as they move between levels they emit photons at different frequencies ("colors"). You don't need X-rays to see this phenomenon, just compare visible light emission spectra for different atoms. You will see that the light appears in different places (different distances from the same point of origin) on the spectrum depending on which atom is emitting the light:

http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/consciousness/images/line%20spectra.gif

X-rays are just highly energetic forms of light/energy that are capable of drawing out a line spectrum from an atom as mgb suggests.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
There was a thread in the quantum physics subforum about "origin of photons"
 
Thank you all, but yet that wasn't anything more than I already knew! Maybe there's nothing more to know about them:wink:
Now I have a another question::redface:
Is it possible that an atom absorb a photon, then emit a photon with higher energy?



malawi_glenn said:
There was a thread in the quantum physics subforum about "origin of photons"

I guess I should take a look at it!
 
  • #10
Lisa, it depends on what state the atom is in when it absorbs the photon..

If it is in its 2nd excited state, then absorb a photon so it can reach he 5th state, then it a possibility that it can decay down to the ground state.. hence the emitted photon has larger energy than what was absorbed. BUT in order to be in the 2nd excited state from the begining, it had to absorb a photon earlier... so the key is Energy Conservation.
 
  • #11
malawi_glenn said:
Lisa, it depends on what state the atom is in when it absorbs the photon..

If it is in its 2nd excited state, then absorb a photon so it can reach he 5th state, then it a possibility that it can decay down to the ground state.. hence the emitted photon has larger energy than what was absorbed. BUT in order to be in the 2nd excited state from the begining, it had to absorb a photon earlier... so the key is Energy Conservation.

Aha, thanks! :smile: So it doesn't happen for an atom in ground state, is that right?
 
  • #12
That's right.
 
  • #13
Thank you!
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
5K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
6K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
5K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • · Replies 17 ·
Replies
17
Views
4K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
4K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
4K