Oscillation of a point charge perpendicular to field lines

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the oscillation of a point charge C, positioned between two fixed charges A and B, each carrying charge Q and separated by distance D. The force acting on charge C is derived from Coulomb's law, leading to the equation $$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$. However, this equation is deemed incorrect due to its lack of dependence on D and its dimensional inaccuracies, particularly predicting infinite force when x equals zero. The correct approach involves recognizing that the net force on charge C must account for the separation distance D to accurately describe the oscillatory motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Coulomb's Law and electrostatic force calculations
  • Basic principles of harmonic motion and oscillation
  • Understanding of dimensional analysis in physics
  • Vector addition of forces in two dimensions
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of charge separation on electrostatic forces
  • Learn about harmonic motion and its mathematical representation
  • Explore the concept of dimensional analysis in physics
  • Investigate the effects of multiple forces acting on a particle
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, particularly those studying electrostatics and harmonic motion, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to oscillatory systems influenced by electric forces.

CrazyNeutrino
Messages
99
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


Two particles A and B each carry a charge Q and are separated by a fixed distance D. A particle c with charge q and mass m is kept at the midpoint of A and B. If C is displaced perpendicular to AB by a distance x where x<<<D,
find the time period of the oscillation of the charge.

Homework Equations


$$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$
$$a=-\omega^2 x$$

The Attempt at a Solution


I started off by trying to find an expression for the force acting on the particle. Since the components of the force parallel to AB cancel out because the charges at A & B are the same, I took the vector sum of the perpendicular force in the ##\hat{x}## direction.
$$ma=-\frac{2Qq}{4\pi\epsilon_0 x^3}\cdot \hat{x}$$

I then solved for ##a## and plugged the coefficients into ##a=\omega^2 x##.
This gives:
$$\omega^2=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3}$$
$$ \frac{2\pi}{T}=\sqrt{\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3}} $$
$$ T = \sqrt{\frac{8\pi^3\epsilon_0 x^3 m}{qQ}}$$

This is wrong.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Your equation $$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$ is incorrect. There should be dependence on D, the separation between the fixed charges. It's also dimensionally incorrect and predicts that F is infinite when x = 0. Actually, F = 0 when x = 0.
 
kuruman said:
Your equation $$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$ is incorrect. There should be dependence on D, the separation between the fixed charges. It's also dimensionally incorrect and predicts that F is infinite when x = 0. Actually, F = 0 when x = 0.
I understand the dimensionality argument. How and why does the force depend on the charge separation though? Wouldn’t those components cancel each other out?
 
CrazyNeutrino said:
How and why does the force depend on the charge separation though?
What is the magnitude of the force exerted by one charge Q? What direction is it in? What component is left after cancellation by the force from the other charge?
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
1K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
802
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
866
Replies
6
Views
1K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 23 ·
Replies
23
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
1K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
926
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
997
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
2K