Other ways of finding expectation value of momentum

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around alternative methods for finding the expectation value of momentum in quantum mechanics, beyond the conventional integral approach. Participants explore various theoretical frameworks and concepts, including the Ehrenfest theorem and the uncertainty principle, while also considering the implications of Fourier transforms.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests using the Ehrenfest theorem, which relates the time derivative of the expectation value of the position operator to find the expectation value of momentum.
  • Another participant presents the integral expression for the expectation value of momentum in terms of the momentum wave function, indicating a connection between position and momentum representations through Fourier transforms.
  • Some participants express skepticism about finding alternative methods, suggesting that the integral formulas for expectation values are essentially definitions that must yield consistent results.
  • A participant mentions the tedious nature of solving integrals for expectation values and seeks other methods, indicating a desire for practical alternatives.
  • There is a discussion about the specific problem of finding the expectation value of momentum for a particle in a box, with one participant noting that their wave function is time-dependent and not symmetric.
  • Another participant points out that for a symmetric momentum wave function, the expectation value of momentum would be zero.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the existence of alternative methods for calculating the expectation value of momentum. While some believe that the integral methods are definitive, others are open to exploring additional approaches, leading to an unresolved discussion.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the dependence on specific wave functions and initial conditions, which may affect the applicability of various methods discussed. The discussion also highlights the complexity of the problem-solving process in quantum mechanics.

VVS2000
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Apart from the usual integral method, are there any other ways to find expectation value of momentum? I know one way is by using ehrenfest theorem, relating it time derivative of expectation value of position operator.
Even using the uncertainty principle, we might get it if we know the uncertainty in position but not the exact value as we might get only the lower bound of it.
so, if any other ways, please do share!
 
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The integral is expressed by momentum wave function ##\phi(p)## ,i.e.
\int \psi^{*}(x) \frac{\partial}{i \hbar \partial x} \psi(x) dx=\int \phi^{*} (p) p\ \phi(p) dp
where ##\psi(x)## and ##\phi(p)## are Fourier or inverse Fourier transform of the other.
 
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anuttarasammyak said:
The integral is expressed by momentum wave function ##\phi(p)## ,i.e.
\int \psi^{*}(x) \frac{\partial}{i \hbar \partial x} \psi(x) dx=\int \phi^{*} (p) p\ \phi(p) dp
where ##\psi(x)## and ##\phi(p)## are Fourier or inverse Fourier transform of the other.
yeah I mentioned the integral method in the OP
anything other than this?
 
VVS2000 said:
anything other than this?
By symmetrical treatment of coordinate x and momentum p as is shown in Fourier transforms, your question applies similarly on coordinate x , i.e.," Are there ways to get expectation value <x> and <p> other than
&lt;x&gt;=\int \psi(x)^* x \psi(x) dx
&lt;p&gt;=\int \phi(p)^* p \phi(p) dp?"
I regard these formula as definitions of <x> and <p>. If you happen to find other ways, I am afraid you scarcely do, the values of which must coincide with the values given by them.
 
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anuttarasammyak said:
By symmetrical treatment of coordinate x and momentum p as is shown in Fourier transforms, your question applies similarly on coordinate x , i.e.," Are there ways to get expectation value <x> and <p> other than
&lt;x&gt;=\int \psi(x)^* x \psi(x) dx
&lt;p&gt;=\int \phi(p)^* p \phi(p) dp?"
I regard these formula as definitions of <x> and <p>. If you happen to find other ways, I am afraid you scarcely do, the values of which must coincide with the values given by them.
Yeah I know there are few methods other than this
I only asked because I was solving a problem and solving the integral to find the expectation value was very tedious and long
Just wanted to know whether there are other ways of finding it, that is all
 
VVS2000 said:
I was solving a problem
What problem? Being more specific about the problem you are trying to solve might help.
 
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PeterDonis said:
What problem? Being more specific about the problem you are trying to solve might help.
Expectation value of momentum of particle in a box and the wave function is time dependent as well
 
What is the initial condition of your case? As an easy case of symmetric momentum wave function
\phi(p,t)=\phi(-p,t)
Obviously <p>=0.
 
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anuttarasammyak said:
What is the initial condition of your case? As an easy case of symmetric momentum wave function
\phi(p,t)=\phi(-p,t)
Obviously <p>=0.
it is not symmetric, but as I said I have already found the expectation value using ehrenfest theorem. just asked for some other ways that is all
 

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