Proving \lim_{z \rightarrow -i} 1/z = i using the Definition of a Limit

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around proving the limit \(\lim_{z \rightarrow -i} \frac{1}{z} = i\) using the epsilon-delta definition of a limit in the context of complex analysis.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the definition of a limit and the necessary conditions for proving the limit. There are attempts to manipulate the expression \(|\frac{1}{z} - i|\) and relate it to \(|z + i|\) and \(\delta\). Some participants question the clarity of the original poster's approach and suggest alternative methods to express the limit condition.

Discussion Status

Participants are actively engaging with the problem, offering insights into the manipulation of expressions and the geometric interpretation of limits. There is a focus on determining the maximum value of certain expressions under given constraints, and some guidance has been provided regarding the relationship between \(\delta\) and \(\epsilon\). However, there is no explicit consensus on the best approach yet.

Contextual Notes

Some participants express uncertainty about the steps involved in the proof and the implications of their manipulations. There are indications of confusion regarding the geometric interpretation of the limit and the conditions under which the expressions hold true.

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Prove that [tex]\lim_{z \rightarrow -i} 1/z = i[/tex] using the definition of a limit

ok from the defition of limit we know that
[tex]|z+i| < \delta[/tex]

also we need to show that [tex]|\frac{1}{z} - i| < \epsilon[/tex]
[tex]|\frac{1}{z} - i| = |\frac{1}{z} + z - z + i| \leq |\frac{1}{z} - z| + |z+i| < |\frac{1}{z} - z| + \delta[/tex]

stuck here... do i just say the above is less than delta 1 and then pick an epsilon which si the min of delta 1 and delta?

i have (clarly) forgotten what to do about these kinds of proofs, please help*!
 
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Well, this is a pretty silly problem. You obviously don't need to use limits to get the answer. But if you must, your approach won't work, since |z-1/z| isn't approaching zero.

You want to prove that, given any [itex]\epsilon[/itex]>0, there exists a [itex]\delta[/itex]>0 such that if:

[tex]|z+i|<\delta[/tex]

Then:

[tex]|1/z-i|<\epsilon[/itex]<br /> <br /> I'm sure you know this, but what you've written doesn't make it very clear that this is what you're trying to prove. So [itex]\epsilon[/itex] is some number, and you want to find the corresponding [itex]\delta[/itex] that makes the above true. Use:<br /> <br /> [tex]|1/z-i|=|\frac{1-iz}{z}|=|\frac{i+z}{iz}|=\frac{|i+z|}{|iz|}[/tex]<br /> <br /> Do you see where to go from here?[/tex]
 
[tex]\frac{|i+z|}{|iz|} < \frac{\delta}{iz} = -\frac{i\delta}{z}[/tex]

now I am not sure ...
 
The magnitude of a complex number is always real. Once you fix that, you need to pick delta so that this expression alway evaluates to something less than epsilon. (by the way, you used what you're trying to prove in your second step there. Not that there's anything wrong with that, it just shows what a silly problem this is)
 
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so that denominator turns into x^2 + y^2??
 
OK. Now, given z is in a circle of radius delta around -i, what is the maximum value of the expression?
 
so the magnitude of the numerator is
[tex]|i+z| = \sqrt{x^2 + (y+1)^2}[/tex] ??

the denominator is simply [tex]\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}[/tex]
 
StatusX said:
OK. Now, given z is in a circle of radius delta around -i, what is the maximum value of the expression?

so then the max vcalue would be the distance that z is awawy from the edge of the circumference?

z + delta - |-i-z| ??
 
Like I've been saying, you want to calculate the maximum value that |1/z-i| could achieve given that |z+i|<delta. Once you know this, you know how to choose delta, given an epsilon, that guarantees |1/z-i|<epsilon. This is the essence of the epsilon-delta definition of a limit. The maximum value of the expression you found:

[tex]\frac{\delta}{|z|^2}[/tex]

can be found geometrically when you consider that z must lie inside a circle of radius delta around the point i. To find the max of this expression, you want to minimize the denominator.
 
Last edited:
  • #10
StatusX said:
Like I've been saying, you want to calculate the maximum value that |1/z-i| could achieve given that |z+i|<delta. Once you know this, you know how to choose delta, given an epsilon, that guarantees |1/z-i|<epsilon. This is the essence of the epsilon-delta definition of a limit. The maximum value of the expression you found:

[tex]\frac{\delta}{|z|^2}[/tex]

can be found geometrically when you consider that z must lie inside a circle of radius delta around the point i. To find the max of this expression, you want to minimize the denominator.

minimize the denominator...
not sure what that means here.
to minimize te z we need to make z small by finding z's smallest value in that cirle u describe
but the smallest value would be when z = -i - delta?j The center loess the radius on the left?
 
  • #11
Well, you might have a sign error there, but what's important is the minimum value of |z|2. And do you understand why you need this?
 
  • #12
always try to simplify the expression:

1/z = (1*z')/(z*z') = z'/|z^2| = ...
 

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