Quantum mechanics: what does d<x>/dt mean physically?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the interpretation of d/dt in quantum mechanics, specifically in the context of the Griffiths textbook. It is established that the expectation value can be time-dependent for time-dependent wavefunctions, contradicting the notion that d/dt is always zero. The conversation highlights the significance of wave function collapse and the transition from discrete eigenvalues to a continuous expectation value, emphasizing the mathematical implications of these changes.

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  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly wave functions and expectation values.
  • Familiarity with the Schrödinger equation and its implications for particle behavior.
  • Knowledge of eigenvalues and their role in quantum measurements.
  • Basic grasp of mathematical concepts related to continuity and functions.
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  • Study the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and its effects on expectation values.
  • Explore the concept of wave function collapse and its implications in quantum mechanics.
  • Investigate the relationship between eigenvalues and measurement in quantum systems.
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Students of quantum mechanics, physicists exploring wave function behavior, and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of quantum theory.

gennes77
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Homework Statement



I am reading the Griffths book on quantum mechanics. In the first chapter on Momentum (Sect 1.5) what does d<x>/dt mean in the physical sense?

Homework Equations



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The Attempt at a Solution



If the expectation value <x> is already determined by the Schrödinger equation,

(i) thus <x> must be in the form of a number and hence d<x>/dt must equal to zero always. So calculating d<x>/dt is not relevant.

(ii) unless we are saying <x> changes in time but this will contradict my above statement... since the expectation is fixed once the wave function of a particle is known)

(iii) If this rate of change is about when the initial measurement is made and <x> spikes to one of the eigenvalues and then 'smears off' into the original wave function form, then my question is (from a mathematics perspective) how does the equation allow for a change from a non continuous form (when ψ collapses and <x> spikes) and then into a continuous form (when ψ goes back to its original form and <x> becomes the expectation value of ALL possible eigenvalues)

Thanks very much for any assistance!

gennes77
 
Physics news on Phys.org
[itex]\langle x \rangle[/itex] is necessarily not a function of position, but it can still be a function of time for time-dependent wavefunctions.
 

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