Questions about electrophotography

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The discussion centers on the electrophotography process using a Ricoh S-1 photocopier, particularly the behavior of photosensitive materials under varying bias control settings. When the bias control is maximized, the expected positive image turns negative, raising questions about the underlying physics. The user also inquires about the operation of laser printers, specifically how charged toner adheres to neutral areas of the photosensitive drum. The conversation highlights the complexities of charge dynamics in electrophotography and xerography.

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  • Understanding of electrophotography principles
  • Familiarity with photocopier mechanics, specifically Ricoh S-1
  • Knowledge of charge dynamics in materials
  • Basic concepts of laser printer operation
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  • Research the physics of charge transfer in electrophotography
  • Study the role of bias control in photocopier image formation
  • Explore the mechanisms of toner adhesion in laser printers
  • Investigate available literature on xerography and electrophotography
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Engineers, physicists, and technicians involved in photocopying technology, as well as students and researchers interested in the principles of electrophotography and laser printing mechanisms.

The_General
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I had an experiment using an old photocopier from Ricoh, model S-1. It works with a photosensitive paper or metal sheet. First, the sheet is charged by a corona discharge. The image is project on the paper surface. Next, two brushes distribute a charged metallic toner.
Ok, the phenomena is perfectly clear for me. Except when the bias control (increases charging voltage) is set to the maximum setting. Instead of getting a positive image (black in source equals black in the photosensitive material), it gives a negative.
I've researched a lot, and couldn't find any book about electrophotography neither xerography in my university library. I didn't find any evidence of a negative photosensitive material either.
It appears to me it uses the photon energy to release electrons from valence band to the conduction one. The opposite phenomena would be absurd.
So, why when the voltage is dramatically increased, the photosensitive material behaves as a negative one?

My second doubt concerns a laser printer. Seems to me it uses a laser in order to remove charges from the photosensitive drum, where it should be black. The problem is the same, how does the printer make the charged toner adhere to neutral parts of the drum?
I saw an explanation at wikipedia, which states that if the toner and the drum have like charges, it will adhere to neutral parts. I'm not very comfortable with this explanation because there's absolutely no force acting on the toner radial to the drum.
 
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The_General said:
So, why when the voltage is dramatically increased, the photosensitive material behaves as a negative one?
Not necessarily. One can suck electrons out as well as push them in. The polarity of the plate could be plus or minus.
 

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