Radiation pressure on sphere orbiting earth

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves a spherical shell filled with hydrogen orbiting the Earth, with a focus on calculating the total force of solar radiation acting on it as a function of the shell's albedo. The average intensity of solar radiation is given, and various equations related to force and area are provided.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Conceptual clarification

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss how to incorporate the albedo into the calculations, with one suggesting the use of a coefficient related to momentum. There is also a consideration of how reflected rays behave when interacting with a spherical object, and whether using solid angles is appropriate.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants exploring the implications of albedo and the geometry of solar radiation on the sphere. Some guidance has been offered regarding the geometry of the problem, but there is a lack of consensus on how to proceed with the calculations.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the energy impacting the sphere may vary with latitude, similar to the variation of solar intensity on Earth. The discussion includes considerations of how the angle of incidence affects the force from reflected light.

the_godfather
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Homework Statement



A spherical shell of diameter D, filled with hydrogen orbits the earth. The average intensity of solar radiation, in a plane perpendicular to the rays is 1.4kW/m^2. Calculate the total force of solar radiation pushing it off its orbit as a function of the shell's albedo.

Homework Equations



F = P.A
A = (4\pi r^2)/2 = (\pi d)/2
P_r = \left\langle S\right\rangle/c = I/c

The Attempt at a Solution



So far I have used all the substitutions which is simple. What I'm not sure is how to incorporate the albedo. So far I have assumed that all incident radiation is absorbed. Can I add the coefficient as (1 + a) where a = albedo to the front of momentum.
Also, my calculations show that reflected incident rays are sent back the way they come from when/if they are reflected. A plane wave incident on a spherical object though would not reflect back in the direction it came from unless it was on the horizontal axis. My only idea would be to use a solid angle? is this along the right lines?
 
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the_godfather said:
Can I add the coefficient as (1 + a) where a = albedo to the front of momentum.
Not quite, for the reason below.
Also, my calculations show that reflected incident rays are sent back the way they come from when/if they are reflected. A plane wave incident on a spherical object though would not reflect back in the direction it came from unless it was on the horizontal axis. My only idea would be to use a solid angle?
Not sure what you meant by that. Consider a circular element of the surface with an axis parallel to the incoming radiation. The circle subtends an angle 2 θ at the centre of the sphere and has a width r δθ. What is the the force from the reflection from the circle? What is its component away from the sun?
 
haruspex said:
Not quite, for the reason below.

Not sure what you meant by that. Consider a circular element of the surface with an axis parallel to the incoming radiation. The circle subtends an angle 2 θ at the centre of the sphere and has a width r δθ. What is the the force from the reflection from the circle? What is its component away from the sun?

That didn't help me unfortunately, would you be able to elaborate a bit more please...

My current understanding is that the energy impacting the sphere would depend on the latitude of the sphere, in a way similar to how solar radiation is more intense on the equator than nearer the poles (in general).

d\Omega = \sin \theta ~d\theta ~d\phi
 
the_godfather said:
My current understanding is that the energy impacting the sphere would depend on the latitude of the sphere, in a way similar to how solar radiation is more intense on the equator than nearer the poles (in general).

d\Omega = \sin \theta ~d\theta ~d\phi
That's what I meant, but in this context the 'pole' should be taken as pointing towards the sun. So let's say the sun is above the 'north pole'. Consider a band width rδθ at latitude θ. How much light falls on it and at what angle? In which direction is it reflected? What therefore is the change in momentum of that light? What is the component of that change parallel to the NS axis?
 

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