Rank forces according to magnitude: Newton's 2nd/3rd laws

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on ranking the forces acting on two crates, A and B, in a downward-moving elevator at constant speed, utilizing Newton's second and third laws. The final ranking of forces is established as follows: N (Elevator on B) > N (B on A) = N (A on B) = W (Earth on A) > W (Earth on B). The reasoning emphasizes that the normal forces between the crates are equal due to action-reaction pairs, and the weights of the crates differ because of their respective masses. Newton's second law is acknowledged as relevant, particularly in understanding the equilibrium of forces despite the elevator's motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's Laws of Motion, particularly the second and third laws.
  • Familiarity with concepts of force, weight, and normal force.
  • Basic knowledge of equilibrium in physics.
  • Ability to apply mathematical equations such as F = ma and W = mg.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Newton's Second Law in static and dynamic systems.
  • Explore the concept of normal force in various contexts, including inclined planes.
  • Investigate the relationship between mass, weight, and gravitational force in different environments.
  • Learn about the effects of constant velocity motion on force interactions in physics.
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and force interactions, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to Newton's laws.

bornofflame
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Homework Statement


Two crates, A and B, are in an elevator as shown. The mass of crate A is greater than the mass of crate B.

a. The elevator moves downward at constant speed.
...
iii. Rank the forces on the crate according to magnitude, from largest to smallest. Explain your reasoning, including how you used Newton's second and third laws.
p101-mech-hw-40.png
p101-mech-hw-40-fbd.png

Homework Equations



F = ma
W = mg

The Attempt at a Solution



This is what I have:
N (elevator on B) > N (B on A) = N (A on B) = W (Earth on A) = W (Earth on B)
The following ranking is valid because, per Newton's 3rd law, the normal forces between A and B are action-reaction pairs and so are equal in magnitude, which in turn means that, because A is at rest and so has a net force of zero, it's weight, W, is equal in magnitude to the normal of B on A, N (B on A).
Because B is also at rest, relative to the elevator, it's net force is also zero and so the normal force of the elevator on B, N (Elev. on B) is equal in magnitude to the forces in the opposite direction, namely N (A on B) and W (Earth on B).

I believe this is correct but my understanding of the forces is not so solid that I feel I'm 100% confident in this and I am not sure how Newton's 2nd Law plays into the explanation because except for the motion of the elevator, the boxes are not moving and even then the elevator is moving at a constant speed which, to me, speaks more to Newton's 1st law and not the 2nd.
Am I correct in my reasoning or am I missing something?
Thanks for your help.
 

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bornofflame said:
W (Earth on A) = W (Earth on B)
How did you decide that?
 
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I was looking at it this way:
if N (A on B) = W (Earth on B),
N (A on B) = N (B on A),
N (B on A) = W (Earth on A)
then W (Earth on A) = W (Earth on B).

Although, now that you've pointed it out, it seems silly because of course they would both have different weights since the mass of B is less than A.

Hmmm.

So, if N (Elevator on B) = N (A on B) + W (Earth on B) then that means that N (A on B) > W (Earth on B)?
 
bornofflame said:
if N (A on B) = W (Earth on B)
But it isn't.
bornofflame said:
So, if N (Elevator on B) = N (A on B) + W (Earth on B) then that means that N (A on B) > W (Earth on B)?
Yes.
 
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Ok. Thank you, very much!
So, I am pretty sure then that the final ranking is as follows:
N (Elevator on B) > N (B on A) = N (A on B) = W (Earth on A) > W (Earth on B)

Does Newton's 2nd law come into play at all in the explanation? From my understanding it's only the 1st and 3rd laws that are relevant to the explanation.
 
bornofflame said:
Ok. Thank you, very much!
So, I am pretty sure then that the final ranking is as follows:
N (Elevator on B) > N (B on A) = N (A on B) = W (Earth on A) > W (Earth on B)

Does Newton's 2nd law come into play at all in the explanation? From my understanding it's only the 1st and 3rd laws that are relevant to the explanation.
Yes, since no momentum is changing in this question.
 
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