Rayleigh vs Raman scattering for low saturation

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the comparison of Rayleigh and Raman scattering in a three-level atomic system with two ground states, ##g_1## and ##g_2##, and an excited state ##e##. The conditions specified include a driving field frequency ##\omega## that is highly detuned from the transition between ##g_1## and ##e##, leading to a saturation parameter ##s## much less than 1. The participant notes that while Rayleigh scattering dominates under these conditions, the impact of Raman transitions to ##g_2## has not been fully addressed in existing literature. The participant seeks a method to calculate the rates of Rayleigh versus Raman scattering, considering both processes as coherent.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of three-level atomic systems
  • Familiarity with Rayleigh and Raman scattering principles
  • Knowledge of quantum mechanics, particularly in relation to atomic transitions
  • Concept of saturation parameter in laser physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mathematical derivation of Rayleigh scattering rates in three-level systems
  • Investigate the mechanisms and calculations for Raman scattering in atomic systems
  • Explore the role of detuning and linewidth in laser-atom interactions
  • Learn about dipole moment coupling and its effects on scattering processes
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, particularly those specializing in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics, as well as researchers studying laser interactions with atomic systems.

BillKet
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Hello! I have the following situation: I have a 3 level system, with 2 ground states, call them ##g_1## and ##g_2## and an excited state, ##e##, with energies ##E_{g1}<E_{g2}## and ##E_e##. I have a driving field with frequency ##\omega## such that ##\Gamma \ll \Delta \ll E_{g2}-E_{g1} \ll E_e - E_{g1}##, where ##\Gamma## is the linewidth of the excited state and ##\Delta## is the detuning of the excited state from the ##g_1\to e## transition. So basically the laser is very detuned from any transition in the system and we can assume that the laser power is small enough such that the saturation parameter, ##s## is much smaller than 1, so the probability of the atom getting excited to ##e## is virtually zero. I found in AMO books that in this case Rayleigh scattering dominates i.e. coherent scattering, compared to incoherent scattering i.e. decays from ##e## and the ratio of the 2 rates is ##\sim s##. However, as far as I can tell, these derivations don't take into account Raman transitions to ##g_2## (assuming we start in ##g_1##) in which ##e## doesn't get excited. These kinds of transitions are not Rayleigh (as the light frequency changes), but they are also not incoherent, as there is still a clear phase between the driving field and the emitted photon (but they have different frequencies). So, given my situation, how can I calculate the Rayleigh scattering rate vs Raman scattering rate (i.e. with both of them coherent processes and assuming that the dipole moment coupling between ##e## and ##g_1## is the same as the one between ##e## and ##g_2##)? Thank you!
 

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