RC Circuit: Charges faster than discharges?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the observation that capacitors in RC circuits charge faster than they discharge, despite the time constant formula T=RC suggesting otherwise. Participants noted that the difference in time constants arises from variations in circuit conditions, such as the presence of additional components and stray resistances. Specifically, the charging circuit may include different resistors or longer wires, affecting the discharge path and resulting in a longer discharge time constant. This phenomenon is not attributed to experimental error but rather to the physical characteristics of the components used.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of RC circuit fundamentals
  • Knowledge of time constant calculations in electrical circuits
  • Familiarity with the effects of stray resistance on circuit performance
  • Basic principles of capacitor behavior, including charging and discharging
NEXT STEPS
  • Investigate the impact of stray resistance in RC circuits
  • Learn about the characteristics of electrolytic capacitors and their charging behavior
  • Explore the differences in resistor types and their effects on circuit performance
  • Examine the role of circuit layout and wiring in time constant variations
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, hobbyists working with RC circuits, and educators seeking to explain capacitor behavior in practical applications.

Frozen Stair
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Homework Statement



This isn't a problem from a textbook, but it is homework.
For a lab in class, we worked with simple RC circuits on breadboards. The strange thing I noticed is that the capacitor always charges faster than it discharges. I know that the Time constant should be T=RC, so I don't understand why the time constants would differ.

Could someone give a plausible explanation for why this is?
 
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I take it it's a small effect - but not accounted for by experimental error?
Take a closer look at the differences between the circuits?

The time constants are different because conditions are different.
The charging circuit has an extra component in it - and, I'm guessing, one of the other components is in a different state.
The details of the components can matter - what is the cap made of? The resistor? The voltage source? How do all these things affect the circuit?
 
Simon, the difference in time constants is *very* obvious -it can't be accounted for by experimental error.
Strangely, when charging, the time constant calculated from T=RC is accurately depicted in the graph ("nearly" completely charged at 5T). But when discharging, there's a dramatic difference.

I actually can't find the answers to those questions because my class didn't spend much time on the lab. Is there anything that could potentially make a dramatic difference?
I'm just curious.
 
In the typical setup, the cap discharges through a different path to the charging.
An extra resistance on that path would give a longer time constant for discharge than charge. An uncontrolled resistance like this is called a "stray" resistance. It could be that you discharged the cap through a different physical resistor than you charged it? Even if they are rated the same value, they may be physically different - especially if the equipment is old. Similarly, there may be longer wires on the discharging side of the circuit or some of the connections were bad on that side.

Without knowing the details of the circuit I can only guess.
Also see:
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080127041137AAmZRlq

... an electrolytic capacitor requires a bit extra work to polarize the dielectric which can present as a different resistance charging to discharging but I don't know the details off-hand (it's been a while).
 
Frozen Stair said:
The strange thing I noticed is that the capacitor always charges faster than it discharges.

What was the circuit used?
 

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