A Relativistically invariant 2-body phase space integral

George Wu
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I encounter a function that I don‘t know in the calculation of Relativistically invariant 2-body phase space integral
I encounter a function that I don‘t know in the calculation of Relativistically invariant 2-body phase space integral:
1684333571500.png

in this equation, ##s##is the square of total energy of the system in the center-of-mass frame(I think)
I don't know what the function ##\lambda^{\frac{1}{2}}## is.
There are more equations involving this function:
P$3{FTJ%2Z0E4A%)9[BD%[C.png

I just want to know if anyone knows which textbook these equations come from, or what the function ##\lambda^{\frac{1}{2}}## is.
 
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Do you have any reference for those 2 screenshots? A book, some lecture notes we could have access to. Otherwise, I can't recall any special function in mathematics with that notation.
 
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